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[�...]

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[�...]

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>> man: It was the evening of

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October 1st, 1969 when I first

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Smuggled several hundred pages

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Of top secret documents out of

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My safe at the rand corporation.

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The study contained 47 volumes,

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7,000 pages.

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My plan was to xerox the study

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And reveal the secret history

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Of the vietnam war to the

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American people.

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>> newscaster: The f.B.I. Was

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<i>Trying to find out who gave the</i>

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<i>New york times a copy of the</i>

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Pentagon's secret study...

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>> pow! Like a thunderclap,

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<i>You get the new york times</i>

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<i>Publishing the pentagon papers</i>

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<i>And the country is panicking.</i>

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<i>>> henry kissinger on tape: This</i>

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<i>Is an attack on the whole</i>

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<i>Integrity of government.</i>

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<i>If whole file cabinets can be</i>

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<i>Stolen and then made available</i>

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<i>To the press, you can't have</i>

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<i>Orderly government anymore.</i>

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<i>>> a name has now come out</i>

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<i>As the possible source of the</i>

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<i>Times' pentagon documents.</i>

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It is that of daniel ellsberg,

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A top policy analyst for the

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Defense and state departments.

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>> richard nixon: I think it is

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Time in this country to quit

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Making national heroes out of

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Those who steal secrets and

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Publish them in the newspaper.

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>> in the first year of

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Marriage, we're talking

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About him going to prison

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For the rest of his life.

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>> we felt so strongly that we

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Were dealing with a national

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Security crisis.

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Henry kissinger said that

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Dr. Daniel ellsberg was the

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Most dangerous man in america

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And he had to be stopped.

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[�...]

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>> ellsberg narrating: On the

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Morning of August 4th, 1964,

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I began my first full-time

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Employment in the pentagon,

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Working under secretary of

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Defense robert mcnamara.

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My very first day on the job,

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All hell broke loose.

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...[interviewed]: A courier

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Came running in with a flash

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Cable saying that american

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Warships were under attack

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In the tonkin gulf off the coast

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Of north vietnam.

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And I was getting these because

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My boss was already down the

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Hall with mcnamara picking

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Targets to retaliate against,

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Against north vietnam.

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Minute after minute,

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More cables came in:

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"three torpedoes have been

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Fired... Seven...

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We are taking evasive action."

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At about 1:30 our time comes new

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Cable from the commodore of the

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Two ships: "hold everything," in

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Effect, "all previous reports of

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Torpedoes are in question."

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>> renewed hostile actions

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Against United States ships

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On the high seas in the gulf

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Of tonkin have today required me

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To order the military forces

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Of the United States to take

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Action in reply.

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>> within days, it was

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Clearer and clearer that there

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Had been no attack.

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>> I shall immediately

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Request the congress

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To pass a resolution.

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[�...]

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>> ellsberg narrating: President

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Johnson was determined

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To prevent a communist victory

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In south vietnam.

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He twisted the facts of the

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Tonkin gulf incident to persuade

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Congress to give him unlimited

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Authority to use military force.

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He then launched a war that

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Would last another 11 years.

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>> ...By a number

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Of hostile vessels.

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[�...]

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>> man: Senator fulbright,

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You moved the tonkin resolution

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Through the senate.

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Did you know anything

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About the...

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>> I accepted the story

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Given to us by the president and

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Mr. Mcnamara and mr. Rusk and,

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I believe, general wheeler.

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I had no reason at that time

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And under those circumstances

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To doubt the validity,

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The truthfulness of this

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Whole operation.

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>> we still seek no wider war.

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>> no wider war?

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As I found out day by day in the

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Pentagon, that was our highest

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Priority: Preparing a wider war

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Which we expected to take place

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Immediately after the election.

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>> johnson: It's a war

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That I think ought to be fought

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By the boys of asia to help

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Protect their own land.

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And for that reason, I haven't

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Chosen to enlarge the war.

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>> and that was a conscious lie.

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We all knew that inside

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The government and not one

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Of us told the press

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Or the public or the electorate

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During that election.

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It was a well-kept secret

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By thousands and thousands

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Of people, including me.

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>> woman: Much has been written

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About the war in vietnam, but

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Little has made us understand

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What it is really like.

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My guest today,

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David halberstam...

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...I had a radio program

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That was syndicated

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Across the country.

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I was down in washington, d.C.

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At the time, doing interviews

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Of congressmen and people

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In the government.

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And a mutual friend

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Had offered to host a party on

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My behalf, and he was inviting

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His friends and he said,

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"there's one friend I'll invite,

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But stay away from him.

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He's brilliant but dangerous."

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Meaning that he was quite a

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Ladies' man, having just

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Recently gotten divorced.

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He rang the doorbell,

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And they were those sunken

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Lights from the ceiling,

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And they hit his blue eyes,

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And I just went... [gasps]

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Like this, he was so

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Handsome. [laughs]

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>> ellsberg interviewed: I just

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Thought of her at that time

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As above my...

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Above my dating class.

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I worked every Saturday,

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A full day, that's 12 hours,

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And every Sunday, half a day.

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I did think of calling her up

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When I had my first day off

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From the pentagon.

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And, uh, said, "uh, I have

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Tomorrow off, and would you like

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To go see the cherry blossoms?"

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>> and I said, "no,

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I'm covering the peace rally

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For the radio program."

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>> "this is my first day off,

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I've been working on the war now

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For 70 hours a week and you

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Can't really ask me to spend it

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At an anti-war rally."

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>> crowd chanting: No more war,

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No more war...

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>> ellsberg interviewed: We

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Marched around the white house.

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I was carrying her heavy tape

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Recorder, and I remember

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Thinking, "I hope this is

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Not a still photograph

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<i>In the washington post tomorrow,</i>

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'cause it's gonna be a little

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Hard to explain."

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>> and I bumped into some

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Friends, who were liberal,

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Radical friends, and the husband

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Said, "how can you be going out

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With somebody who's working on

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Vietnam in the pentagon?"

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[�...]

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[whoosh...]

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[explosions]

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>> ellsberg narrating: Early

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1965, the vietnam war was

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About to expand and I was

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One of its planners.

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I had received orders

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From secretary of defense

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Robert mcnamara to gather

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Examples of atrocities

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Perpetrated by the viet cong.

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The secretary hoped such

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Intelligence would convince

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President johnson to launch a

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Systematic bombing campaign

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Against north vietnam.

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I had voiced my personal

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Opposition to the tactic of

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Bombing the north, but an order

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From mcnamara for fast action

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Was like an order from god.

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[�...]

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I had a whole staff in vietnam

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Collecting data for me.

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I told the colonel on the other

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End of the hotline that it all

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Had to be in for the president

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By seven the next morning.

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I needed details of the

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Atrocities by the viet cong

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Anywhere in vietnam.

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Above all, I wanted gory details

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Of any injuries to americans.

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I told the colonel,

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"I need blood."

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[helicopter blades whirring,

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�...]

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>> man: In the early '60s,

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Dan ellsberg was a leading,

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If not the leading, uh,

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Young war thinker.

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>> man on loudspeaker: Channel

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6... Warhead...

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[continues indistinctly]

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>> the atomic bomb had changed

258
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So much and the military knew

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That they needed fresh thinking,

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And they established rand and

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Deliberately located it on the

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West coast of the United States

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So that it would be beyond the

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Reach of anybody in washington

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Who wanted to meddle in it.

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And essentially people were

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Encouraged to think new

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Thoughts, to think big.

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[�...]

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Dan really impressed people.

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Smart, imaginative,

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Good at technical reasoning,

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Good at logic...

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He could collect ideas

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From anywhere... He could read

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Short stories and get ideas.

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>> ellsberg narrating: My work

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At harvard was on decision

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Making under uncertainty.

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At the rand corporation, I was

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Studying the highest-stakes

282
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Hypothetical gamble in human

283
00:09:48,027 --> 00:09:50,362
History-- whether or not to

284
00:09:50,397 --> 00:09:51,864
Launch nuclear missiles on the

285
00:09:51,898 --> 00:09:53,799
Basis of ambiguous warning.

286
00:09:53,833 --> 00:09:56,602
[�...]

287
00:09:56,636 --> 00:09:58,237
>> schelling: He was focused

288
00:09:58,271 --> 00:10:00,839
On the question: "if you had to

289
00:10:00,873 --> 00:10:03,976
Go to war, how to do it in the

290
00:10:04,010 --> 00:10:06,312
Least dangerous way?

291
00:10:06,346 --> 00:10:07,579
Who would make the decisions,

292
00:10:07,613 --> 00:10:08,747
How would the decisions get

293
00:10:08,781 --> 00:10:11,333
Communicated and what were

294
00:10:11,367 --> 00:10:12,868
The options available

295
00:10:12,903 --> 00:10:14,085
To the president?"

296
00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:18,874
[�...]

297
00:10:18,908 --> 00:10:19,542
>> ellsberg narrating: About

298
00:10:19,576 --> 00:10:21,277
Four a.M. I got what I was

299
00:10:21,311 --> 00:10:23,011
Looking for.

300
00:10:23,046 --> 00:10:24,597
The colonel told me, "we've just

301
00:10:24,631 --> 00:10:25,998
Gotten info that two american

302
00:10:26,032 --> 00:10:27,533
Advisors appeared to have been

303
00:10:27,567 --> 00:10:29,735
Captured and killed."

304
00:10:29,769 --> 00:10:31,770
I asked for graphic details

305
00:10:31,804 --> 00:10:34,573
To make it concrete, dramatic.

306
00:10:34,608 --> 00:10:36,242
The colonel told me that their

307
00:10:36,276 --> 00:10:37,776
Bodies showed signs of being

308
00:10:37,810 --> 00:10:40,412
Dragged, perhaps by chains.

309
00:10:40,447 --> 00:10:42,481
I said, "good, good,

310
00:10:42,516 --> 00:10:43,882
More like that.

311
00:10:43,916 --> 00:10:45,618
Wow, jesus, this is it!

312
00:10:45,652 --> 00:10:47,119
Anything else, anything like

313
00:10:47,154 --> 00:10:49,622
This anywhere else?"

314
00:10:49,656 --> 00:10:50,722
This was the only incident

315
00:10:50,757 --> 00:10:52,424
Of its kind they found.

316
00:10:52,459 --> 00:10:53,825
It may have been the only one

317
00:10:53,860 --> 00:10:55,227
In the vietnam war up to that

318
00:10:55,262 --> 00:10:57,296
Point, involving americans.

319
00:10:57,330 --> 00:10:58,297
But one was enough

320
00:10:58,331 --> 00:11:00,666
For my report.

321
00:11:00,700 --> 00:11:04,803
At 6:30 a.M., I wrapped it up.

322
00:11:04,837 --> 00:11:06,855
A little after 9:00,

323
00:11:06,890 --> 00:11:08,357
Mcnamara came back from the

324
00:11:08,391 --> 00:11:09,657
White house and told my boss

325
00:11:09,692 --> 00:11:11,811
To thank me for my input.

326
00:11:11,845 --> 00:11:14,180
It was exactly what he needed.

327
00:11:14,214 --> 00:11:22,521
[�...]

328
00:11:22,555 --> 00:11:23,755
...[interviewed]: That's in fact

329
00:11:23,790 --> 00:11:25,291
The most shameful episode

330
00:11:25,325 --> 00:11:26,692
I can think of, that I really

331
00:11:26,726 --> 00:11:27,960
Did, at a critical moment,

332
00:11:27,994 --> 00:11:29,195
Help mcnamara persuade the

333
00:11:29,229 --> 00:11:31,363
President by information I gave

334
00:11:31,397 --> 00:11:34,399
Him that he should start a

335
00:11:34,434 --> 00:11:36,068
Systematic campaign of bombing,

336
00:11:36,102 --> 00:11:39,038
To which I was totally opposed.

337
00:11:39,072 --> 00:11:40,472
>> man: Dan ellsberg felt

338
00:11:40,506 --> 00:11:43,309
Everything with great intensity,

339
00:11:43,343 --> 00:11:46,177
But nothing more so than this

340
00:11:46,212 --> 00:11:47,546
Notion he had of his own

341
00:11:47,580 --> 00:11:49,147
Culpability for everything

342
00:11:49,181 --> 00:11:51,783
He had done in the early years

343
00:11:51,818 --> 00:11:53,351
Of the war.

344
00:11:53,386 --> 00:11:56,905
[jet engines whining...]

345
00:11:56,940 --> 00:12:00,843
He had an important role in what

346
00:12:00,877 --> 00:12:04,263
Became the most ridiculously

347
00:12:04,297 --> 00:12:07,166
Disproportional bombing campaign

348
00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:09,401
In the history of the world.

349
00:12:09,435 --> 00:12:11,587
[whooshing...]

350
00:12:11,621 --> 00:12:17,793
[explosion]

351
00:12:17,827 --> 00:12:22,097
[explosion]

352
00:12:22,132 --> 00:12:30,522
[muffled explosions...]

353
00:12:30,556 --> 00:12:32,257
Dan was not some passive

354
00:12:32,292 --> 00:12:34,259
Bureaucratic participant in

355
00:12:34,294 --> 00:12:36,729
Vietnam; he was a true believer.

356
00:12:36,763 --> 00:12:37,930
>> ellsberg archival: I saw

357
00:12:37,964 --> 00:12:39,898
Our involvement in the context

358
00:12:39,933 --> 00:12:42,534
Of a worldwide conflict with

359
00:12:42,568 --> 00:12:45,437
Communism, uh, a cold war

360
00:12:45,471 --> 00:12:46,839
Perspective that I shared with

361
00:12:46,873 --> 00:12:48,140
Most of my fellow officials.

362
00:12:48,174 --> 00:12:50,642
<i>>> vietnam, mu nam!</i>

363
00:12:50,676 --> 00:12:52,778
<i>[crowd cheers]</i>

364
00:12:52,812 --> 00:12:54,679
<i>Vietnam, mu nam!</i>

365
00:12:54,714 --> 00:12:55,614
<i>[crowd cheers]</i>

366
00:12:55,648 --> 00:12:56,514
<i>>> ellsberg interviewed: I</i>

367
00:12:56,549 --> 00:12:57,616
<i>Accepted the basic premises</i>

368
00:12:57,650 --> 00:12:58,851
<i>Within the government: That</i>

369
00:12:58,885 --> 00:13:00,853
<i>Being allied with america</i>

370
00:13:00,887 --> 00:13:02,621
<i>Was good for you, good for the</i>

371
00:13:02,655 --> 00:13:04,123
<i>Other people.</i>

372
00:13:04,157 --> 00:13:05,224
<i>And there was an idealistic</i>

373
00:13:05,258 --> 00:13:07,159
<i>Aspect to it.</i>

374
00:13:07,193 --> 00:13:08,794
<i>In vietnam, we were protecting,</i>

375
00:13:08,828 --> 00:13:10,462
<i>Supposedly, democracy, or the</i>

376
00:13:10,496 --> 00:13:11,797
<i>Possibility of democracy,</i>

377
00:13:11,831 --> 00:13:14,532
<i>Against a stalinist</i>

378
00:13:14,567 --> 00:13:16,668
<i>Dictatorship.</i>

379
00:13:16,702 --> 00:13:21,540
<i>[helicopter blades whirring]</i>

380
00:13:21,574 --> 00:13:23,042
<i>I didn't want to watch the war</i>

381
00:13:23,076 --> 00:13:24,876
<i>To which we were now committed,</i>

382
00:13:24,911 --> 00:13:26,979
<i>Back in washington;</i>

383
00:13:27,013 --> 00:13:29,614
<i>I wanted to be there.</i>

384
00:13:29,649 --> 00:13:31,750
<i>I'd learned in the marine corps</i>

385
00:13:31,784 --> 00:13:33,785
<i>That to know what's happening,</i>

386
00:13:33,819 --> 00:13:34,953
<i>You have to be up at</i>

387
00:13:34,988 --> 00:13:36,488
<i>The front line.</i>

388
00:13:36,522 --> 00:13:41,877
<i>[�...]</i>

389
00:13:41,911 --> 00:13:42,744
<i>...[narrating]: At division</i>

390
00:13:42,779 --> 00:13:44,012
<i>Headquarters, they showed me</i>

391
00:13:44,047 --> 00:13:45,547
<i>A chart of hundreds of patrols</i>

392
00:13:45,582 --> 00:13:46,615
<i>Going out every night</i>

393
00:13:46,649 --> 00:13:48,683
<i>In their zone.</i>

394
00:13:48,718 --> 00:13:50,419
<i>I actually picked a patrol</i>

395
00:13:50,453 --> 00:13:52,671
<i>From the chart and it was</i>

396
00:13:52,705 --> 00:13:54,106
<i>At that point that the officer</i>

397
00:13:54,140 --> 00:13:56,241
<i>At battalion level informed me</i>

398
00:13:56,275 --> 00:13:57,743
<i>There were no patrols there,</i>

399
00:13:57,777 --> 00:13:58,744
<i>Anymore than in the rest</i>

400
00:13:58,778 --> 00:14:00,478
<i>Of the country.</i>

401
00:14:00,513 --> 00:14:02,514
<i>The chart was entirely a hoax,</i>

402
00:14:02,548 --> 00:14:03,949
<i>An illusion, like all the</i>

403
00:14:03,983 --> 00:14:05,583
<i>Optimistic statistics that had</i>

404
00:14:05,618 --> 00:14:07,886
<i>Been coming up for years.</i>

405
00:14:07,920 --> 00:14:09,320
<i>There were no night patrols</i>

406
00:14:09,355 --> 00:14:11,289
<i>By our vietnamese forces.</i>

407
00:14:11,323 --> 00:14:12,557
<i>Only the viet cong</i>

408
00:14:12,591 --> 00:14:13,959
<i>Were out at night.</i>

409
00:14:13,993 --> 00:14:20,165
<i>They owned the country at night.</i>

410
00:14:20,199 --> 00:14:20,666
<i>[engines idling,</i>

411
00:14:20,700 --> 00:14:27,222
<i>Horns honking...]</i>

412
00:14:27,256 --> 00:14:28,189
<i>>> patricia: We were</i>

413
00:14:28,224 --> 00:14:29,324
<i>Very much in love.</i>

414
00:14:29,358 --> 00:14:30,892
<i>>> � you're my dream come true �</i>

415
00:14:30,926 --> 00:14:33,194
<i>>> I joined dan in vietnam,</i>

416
00:14:33,229 --> 00:14:34,129
<i>And on that trip,</i>

417
00:14:34,163 --> 00:14:35,464
<i>He asked me to marry him.</i>

418
00:14:35,498 --> 00:14:39,501
<i>>> � ...And only...</i>

419
00:14:39,535 --> 00:14:41,336
<i>You... �</i>

420
00:14:41,371 --> 00:14:43,171
<i>>> � ah... �</i>

421
00:14:43,205 --> 00:14:44,172
>> patricia: We went to this

422
00:14:44,206 --> 00:14:46,007
Party where this was this person

423
00:14:46,041 --> 00:14:47,242
Who had been in north vietnam

424
00:14:47,277 --> 00:14:48,677
And was describing the effects

425
00:14:48,711 --> 00:14:50,578
Of our bombing.

426
00:14:50,613 --> 00:14:53,481
It was a, just welling-up

427
00:14:53,516 --> 00:14:56,317
Of a kind of visceral disgust.

428
00:14:56,352 --> 00:14:57,218
>> ellsberg interviewed: And we

429
00:14:57,253 --> 00:14:58,153
Left the party.

430
00:14:58,187 --> 00:15:00,088
Patricia, who'd had some drink

431
00:15:00,123 --> 00:15:02,624
During it, said...

432
00:15:02,658 --> 00:15:04,692
>> "how can you be

433
00:15:04,727 --> 00:15:05,994
Part of this?"

434
00:15:06,028 --> 00:15:07,462
Because, in some ways,

435
00:15:07,497 --> 00:15:09,197
He was more part of it

436
00:15:09,232 --> 00:15:11,433
Than I think he realized.

437
00:15:11,467 --> 00:15:13,868
>> and I was thinking... [sighs]

438
00:15:13,902 --> 00:15:15,103
"I'm against the bombing,

439
00:15:15,138 --> 00:15:16,471
I'm trying to stop all the

440
00:15:16,506 --> 00:15:18,340
Bombing in south vietnam,

441
00:15:18,374 --> 00:15:19,608
Trying to do the best I can

442
00:15:19,642 --> 00:15:21,876
To moderate the killing,

443
00:15:21,911 --> 00:15:23,244
And I'm not getting any credit

444
00:15:23,279 --> 00:15:25,013
For that and she's holding me

445
00:15:25,047 --> 00:15:26,981
Responsible for the whole war."

446
00:15:27,016 --> 00:15:29,251
>> my accusation of dan, and I

447
00:15:29,285 --> 00:15:30,685
Think the passion with which it

448
00:15:30,719 --> 00:15:32,720
Came out, that really caused him

449
00:15:32,755 --> 00:15:34,623
To close off, because he was

450
00:15:34,657 --> 00:15:37,025
Saying, "I don't want to be with

451
00:15:37,059 --> 00:15:38,627
Somebody that is that critical

452
00:15:38,661 --> 00:15:40,328
Of me, that doesn't see that I'm

453
00:15:40,363 --> 00:15:41,963
Risking my life to try to stop

454
00:15:41,997 --> 00:15:43,265
The bombing and trying to bring

455
00:15:43,299 --> 00:15:44,900
Democracy to the country."

456
00:15:44,934 --> 00:15:47,435
But he was still buying into the

457
00:15:47,470 --> 00:15:49,304
Whole zeitgeist of that war.

458
00:15:49,339 --> 00:15:50,405
The men were that his

459
00:15:50,439 --> 00:15:51,606
Colleagues, who tended to be

460
00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:53,408
People in the state department,

461
00:15:53,442 --> 00:15:55,994
Were actually loving the whole

462
00:15:56,028 --> 00:15:58,529
Scene of the danger, the risk,

463
00:15:58,564 --> 00:16:00,982
The adventure, almost like being

464
00:16:01,016 --> 00:16:02,284
In a john wayne movie or

465
00:16:02,318 --> 00:16:03,351
Something like that.

466
00:16:03,386 --> 00:16:05,820
["marines' hymn" playing...]

467
00:16:05,854 --> 00:16:06,454
>> ellsberg interviewed: I

468
00:16:06,489 --> 00:16:07,855
Think a lot of people want to

469
00:16:07,890 --> 00:16:08,890
Join the marines to see

470
00:16:08,924 --> 00:16:09,991
If they're up to it.

471
00:16:10,025 --> 00:16:11,259
Never been able to throw

472
00:16:11,294 --> 00:16:12,760
A hardball, couldn't play

473
00:16:12,795 --> 00:16:13,628
With guns...

474
00:16:13,663 --> 00:16:16,898
I wanted to be a soldier,

475
00:16:16,932 --> 00:16:18,933
So the marines were a chance

476
00:16:18,967 --> 00:16:20,735
To do that.

477
00:16:20,769 --> 00:16:22,304
I think I was the only first

478
00:16:22,338 --> 00:16:23,538
Lieutenant in the 2nd marine

479
00:16:23,573 --> 00:16:24,739
Division to have a rifle

480
00:16:24,773 --> 00:16:27,041
Company and I loved being

481
00:16:27,076 --> 00:16:28,860
A company commander.

482
00:16:28,894 --> 00:16:30,128
Having the responsibility

483
00:16:30,163 --> 00:16:32,814
For 211 men, being totally

484
00:16:32,848 --> 00:16:34,633
In charge of their welfare

485
00:16:34,667 --> 00:16:36,268
And their training.

486
00:16:36,302 --> 00:16:37,536
That was the happiest period of

487
00:16:37,570 --> 00:16:39,171
My life, uh, professionally,

488
00:16:39,205 --> 00:16:41,706
Looking back on it, still is.

489
00:16:41,740 --> 00:16:47,812
[�...]

490
00:16:47,846 --> 00:16:49,614
>> patricia: I left and I could

491
00:16:49,649 --> 00:16:51,049
Tell he was withdrawn.

492
00:16:51,083 --> 00:16:52,617
His heart withdrew into a safe

493
00:16:52,652 --> 00:16:53,585
That I didn't have

494
00:16:53,619 --> 00:16:55,787
The combination to.

495
00:16:55,821 --> 00:16:57,689
>> so in my own mind, uh,

496
00:16:57,723 --> 00:16:59,224
This isn't gonna happen.

497
00:16:59,259 --> 00:17:00,892
How can I be married to somebody

498
00:17:00,926 --> 00:17:02,461
Who doesn't give me the benefit

499
00:17:02,495 --> 00:17:05,197
Of the doubt on this somehow?

500
00:17:05,231 --> 00:17:06,431
As far as I was concerned,

501
00:17:06,466 --> 00:17:09,168
The engagement was off.

502
00:17:09,202 --> 00:17:12,271
[automatic gunfire...]

503
00:17:12,305 --> 00:17:13,539
>> man: I first met ellsberg

504
00:17:13,573 --> 00:17:14,640
In the paddy fields

505
00:17:14,674 --> 00:17:16,175
Of the northern mekong delta

506
00:17:16,209 --> 00:17:18,577
In mid-1966.

507
00:17:18,611 --> 00:17:19,811
He had a schmeisser submachine

508
00:17:19,845 --> 00:17:21,780
Gun in his hand, he was dressed

509
00:17:21,814 --> 00:17:23,081
In fatigues, and he was

510
00:17:23,115 --> 00:17:24,365
Attempting to lead an american

511
00:17:24,400 --> 00:17:26,200
Infantry company on an attack on

512
00:17:26,235 --> 00:17:28,303
A sniper position in a hamlet.

513
00:17:28,337 --> 00:17:30,171
Dan ellsberg then was very

514
00:17:30,205 --> 00:17:32,073
Hawkish and very eager.

515
00:17:32,107 --> 00:17:33,775
>> man: Was he then a marine?

516
00:17:33,810 --> 00:17:34,509
>> no, he wasn't,

517
00:17:34,544 --> 00:17:35,811
He was a civilian.

518
00:17:35,845 --> 00:17:37,845
[talking over each other]

519
00:17:37,880 --> 00:17:39,314
I asked him what the devil was

520
00:17:39,348 --> 00:17:40,649
He doing in the mekong delta

521
00:17:40,683 --> 00:17:41,816
With a schmeisser

522
00:17:41,850 --> 00:17:42,317
Machine-pistol.

523
00:17:42,351 --> 00:17:43,719
He said he had gone there to

524
00:17:43,753 --> 00:17:45,120
Look at how the war was going.

525
00:17:45,154 --> 00:17:46,121
He thought it wasn't going

526
00:17:46,155 --> 00:17:47,388
Very well and he wanted

527
00:17:47,423 --> 00:17:49,091
To see it go better.

528
00:17:49,125 --> 00:17:54,663
[�...]

529
00:17:54,697 --> 00:17:55,664
>> ellsberg narrating: I was

530
00:17:55,698 --> 00:17:56,732
Walking point with three other

531
00:17:56,766 --> 00:17:58,066
Men ahead of the main company

532
00:17:58,101 --> 00:18:00,802
So we could spot an ambush.

533
00:18:00,837 --> 00:18:02,054
[automatic gunfire...]

534
00:18:02,088 --> 00:18:04,489
We heard firing from behind us.

535
00:18:04,523 --> 00:18:06,257
Looking back, I saw two

536
00:18:06,292 --> 00:18:07,575
Viet cong in ragged shorts

537
00:18:07,610 --> 00:18:09,644
Firing ak-47s.

538
00:18:09,679 --> 00:18:12,464
[gunfire...]

539
00:18:12,498 --> 00:18:13,798
...[archival]: You'd get on that

540
00:18:13,833 --> 00:18:16,017
Position, there'd be no one

541
00:18:16,051 --> 00:18:17,953
There and then you'd be hit from

542
00:18:17,987 --> 00:18:19,271
Another clump, and I believe

543
00:18:19,305 --> 00:18:21,356
That bands were working us

544
00:18:21,390 --> 00:18:22,757
Essentially, alternately

545
00:18:22,792 --> 00:18:23,792
Leapfrogging each other.

546
00:18:23,826 --> 00:18:25,493
...[narrating]: They must have

547
00:18:25,527 --> 00:18:26,694
Been lying in the water

548
00:18:26,729 --> 00:18:28,864
As we walked by and now they

549
00:18:28,898 --> 00:18:29,998
Were firing at the troops

550
00:18:30,032 --> 00:18:32,417
Following us.

551
00:18:32,452 --> 00:18:34,286
We couldn't fire at them

552
00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:35,554
Because we'd be firing

553
00:18:35,588 --> 00:18:40,459
At our own troops.

554
00:18:40,493 --> 00:18:41,460
...[archival]: Now in the course

555
00:18:41,494 --> 00:18:42,761
Of a day like that,

556
00:18:42,962 --> 00:18:45,497
You get a very great respect

557
00:18:45,531 --> 00:18:47,532
For these people who are in

558
00:18:47,566 --> 00:18:49,000
Effect running circles around

559
00:18:49,034 --> 00:18:53,471
An american battalion.

560
00:18:53,506 --> 00:18:55,457
I remember looking up at a

561
00:18:55,491 --> 00:18:57,659
Sergeant as we lay after about

562
00:18:57,693 --> 00:18:59,861
The 15th of these incidents

563
00:18:59,895 --> 00:19:01,563
And saying, "do you ever feel

564
00:19:01,597 --> 00:19:03,565
Like the redcoats?"

565
00:19:03,599 --> 00:19:05,267
And he said, "yeah, I've been

566
00:19:05,301 --> 00:19:06,668
Thinking that all day."

567
00:19:06,702 --> 00:19:14,142
[�...]

568
00:19:14,177 --> 00:19:15,077
...[narrating]: I was beginning

569
00:19:15,111 --> 00:19:16,744
To realize we couldn't beat this

570
00:19:16,779 --> 00:19:19,664
Enemy in their own backyard.

571
00:19:19,699 --> 00:19:24,085
We were not going to win.

572
00:19:24,120 --> 00:19:25,387
These guys were not going to

573
00:19:25,421 --> 00:19:35,931
Give up.

574
00:19:35,965 --> 00:19:36,764
...[interviewed]: On the way

575
00:19:36,799 --> 00:19:38,133
Back, which was on mcnamara's

576
00:19:38,167 --> 00:19:39,401
Plane, I'd had the chance to

577
00:19:39,435 --> 00:19:40,802
Give him more than a hundred

578
00:19:40,836 --> 00:19:43,087
Single-spaced pages of my memos.

579
00:19:43,122 --> 00:19:44,256
He sat there and he hadn't

580
00:19:44,290 --> 00:19:45,290
Apparently brought a lot to

581
00:19:45,324 --> 00:19:46,057
Read.

582
00:19:46,091 --> 00:19:47,925
And I had the great bureaucratic

583
00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:49,994
Pleasure of watching my superior

584
00:19:50,029 --> 00:19:52,063
Actually read my papers, and

585
00:19:52,097 --> 00:19:54,166
Not just toss them aside.

586
00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:55,700
So he knew what I was thinking

587
00:19:55,734 --> 00:19:57,101
Very much about the stalemate

588
00:19:57,136 --> 00:20:00,104
In vietnam and the fact that

589
00:20:00,139 --> 00:20:02,240
Things weren't improving.

590
00:20:02,274 --> 00:20:03,441
Toward the end of the flight,

591
00:20:03,475 --> 00:20:04,976
He called me to the rear of

592
00:20:05,011 --> 00:20:06,711
The plane, "dan, I'm having

593
00:20:06,746 --> 00:20:07,746
An argument here.

594
00:20:07,780 --> 00:20:09,080
He says that things are

595
00:20:09,115 --> 00:20:10,348
Improving, that we're making

596
00:20:10,383 --> 00:20:11,416
Progress.

597
00:20:11,450 --> 00:20:13,184
And I say things are worse,

598
00:20:13,219 --> 00:20:14,785
Worse than they were a year ago.

599
00:20:14,820 --> 00:20:15,953
You're the one who knows.

600
00:20:15,988 --> 00:20:17,955
What do you say the answer is?"

601
00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:19,441
Said, "well, mr. Secretary,

602
00:20:19,475 --> 00:20:21,342
I'm most impressed with how much

603
00:20:21,376 --> 00:20:23,010
The same things are than a year

604
00:20:23,045 --> 00:20:23,878
Ago."

605
00:20:23,913 --> 00:20:25,279
And he said, "you see, you see?

606
00:20:25,314 --> 00:20:26,448
That's exactly what I'm saying.

607
00:20:26,482 --> 00:20:27,782
We've put another hundred

608
00:20:27,817 --> 00:20:29,216
Thousand troops in there.

609
00:20:29,251 --> 00:20:30,785
Things are exactly, are no

610
00:20:30,820 --> 00:20:31,986
Better, that means they're

611
00:20:32,020 --> 00:20:34,255
Really worse."

612
00:20:34,290 --> 00:20:35,524
We were on the ground,

613
00:20:35,558 --> 00:20:37,326
And mcnamara was going out into

614
00:20:37,360 --> 00:20:39,194
A foggy day and I was behind

615
00:20:39,228 --> 00:20:39,995
Him.

616
00:20:40,029 --> 00:20:41,029
>> robert mcnamara on tape: You

617
00:20:41,063 --> 00:20:42,063
Asked whether I was optimistic

618
00:20:42,098 --> 00:20:43,398
Or pessimistic.

619
00:20:43,432 --> 00:20:45,100
Today I can tell you that

620
00:20:45,134 --> 00:20:46,801
Military progress in the past

621
00:20:46,835 --> 00:20:48,403
12 months has exceeded our

622
00:20:48,437 --> 00:20:49,270
Expectations.

623
00:20:49,305 --> 00:20:51,072
>> he was saying, "gentlemen,

624
00:20:51,107 --> 00:20:52,707
I'm very encouraged by what

625
00:20:52,741 --> 00:20:53,541
I've seen in vietnam.

626
00:20:53,575 --> 00:20:54,876
In every respect things are

627
00:20:54,910 --> 00:20:55,843
Better now.

628
00:20:55,878 --> 00:20:56,777
That we're making progress,

629
00:20:56,812 --> 00:20:57,912
Everything is better.

630
00:20:57,946 --> 00:21:00,432
And I was thinking, "I hope I'm

631
00:21:00,466 --> 00:21:03,769
Never in a job where I have to

632
00:21:03,803 --> 00:21:09,007
Lie like that."

633
00:21:09,041 --> 00:21:09,908
...[narrating]: I learned that

634
00:21:09,942 --> 00:21:11,410
Mcnamara's grave doubts about

635
00:21:11,444 --> 00:21:14,813
The war continued to deepen.

636
00:21:14,847 --> 00:21:16,415
Behind closed doors, he

637
00:21:16,449 --> 00:21:17,482
Recommended pulling back on

638
00:21:17,517 --> 00:21:18,517
The bombing and pushed for

639
00:21:18,551 --> 00:21:21,953
A political settlement.

640
00:21:21,987 --> 00:21:23,555
Johnson rejected mcnamara's

641
00:21:23,589 --> 00:21:25,924
Advice.

642
00:21:25,958 --> 00:21:27,859
>> mcnamara had a sense then,

643
00:21:27,894 --> 00:21:30,178
Very much like people have now,

644
00:21:30,212 --> 00:21:31,579
That this was a tragic blunder,

645
00:21:31,613 --> 00:21:33,247
That we were in the middle of

646
00:21:33,282 --> 00:21:34,549
A catastrophe.

647
00:21:34,583 --> 00:21:36,051
Uh, and that it was important to

648
00:21:36,085 --> 00:21:37,819
Try to understand how we had

649
00:21:37,853 --> 00:21:39,587
Gotten into that catastrophe.

650
00:21:39,621 --> 00:21:40,555
>> ellsberg narrating: In June

651
00:21:40,589 --> 00:21:43,291
Of 1967, mcnamara ordered

652
00:21:43,326 --> 00:21:44,525
A comprehensive study within

653
00:21:44,560 --> 00:21:46,862
The pentagon on the history of

654
00:21:46,896 --> 00:21:49,397
U.S. Involvement in vietnam.

655
00:21:49,431 --> 00:21:50,431
>> we went to the rand

656
00:21:50,466 --> 00:21:51,933
Corporation and recruited the

657
00:21:51,968 --> 00:21:54,035
People there who did historical

658
00:21:54,070 --> 00:21:55,603
Studies and of course one of

659
00:21:55,637 --> 00:21:57,004
The people we asked was

660
00:21:57,039 --> 00:21:58,306
Daniel ellsberg.

661
00:21:58,340 --> 00:21:59,140
>> ellsberg narrating: My

662
00:21:59,175 --> 00:22:00,308
Involvement in the study would

663
00:22:00,342 --> 00:22:02,277
Change my life, and change

664
00:22:02,311 --> 00:22:04,312
History in ways I couldn't have

665
00:22:04,346 --> 00:22:06,614
Imagined.

666
00:22:06,648 --> 00:22:07,549
>> mort halperin: We classified

667
00:22:07,583 --> 00:22:08,883
The pentagon papers study as

668
00:22:08,917 --> 00:22:10,585
Top secret, and every page of

669
00:22:10,619 --> 00:22:12,888
Every study is top secret 'cause

670
00:22:12,922 --> 00:22:14,555
We considered the existence of

671
00:22:14,590 --> 00:22:16,391
The study to be top secret,

672
00:22:16,425 --> 00:22:17,926
But the person we were trying to

673
00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:18,960
Keep it from was not

674
00:22:18,995 --> 00:22:20,461
The vietnamese-- who would not

675
00:22:20,496 --> 00:22:21,629
Have cared at all-- or

676
00:22:21,663 --> 00:22:23,265
The russians or the chinese,

677
00:22:23,299 --> 00:22:25,400
But lyndon johnson.

678
00:22:25,434 --> 00:22:27,268
We feared through the whole

679
00:22:27,303 --> 00:22:29,404
Study that if the president

680
00:22:29,438 --> 00:22:30,972
Found out about it, that he

681
00:22:31,006 --> 00:22:32,773
Would stop it, because johnson

682
00:22:32,808 --> 00:22:35,310
Knew that mcnamara had doubts

683
00:22:35,344 --> 00:22:37,112
About the war and believed that

684
00:22:37,146 --> 00:22:39,180
There were bands of civilians in

685
00:22:39,215 --> 00:22:41,349
The pentagon determined to do

686
00:22:41,384 --> 00:22:42,817
Everything they could to get us

687
00:22:42,851 --> 00:22:44,219
Out of vietnam.

688
00:22:44,253 --> 00:22:46,321
>> I don't want a man in here to

689
00:22:46,355 --> 00:22:49,457
Go back home thinking otherwise.

690
00:22:49,491 --> 00:22:52,693
We are going to win.

691
00:22:52,728 --> 00:22:58,299
[explosions, automatic gunfire]

692
00:22:58,333 --> 00:22:59,133
>> ellsberg narrating: But

693
00:22:59,167 --> 00:23:00,602
Johnson's optimism was about to

694
00:23:00,636 --> 00:23:04,172
Shatter.

695
00:23:04,206 --> 00:23:06,908
On vietnam's new year, 1968,

696
00:23:06,942 --> 00:23:09,110
A massive surprise attack caught

697
00:23:09,144 --> 00:23:10,679
U.S. Troops completely off

698
00:23:10,713 --> 00:23:15,984
Guard.

699
00:23:16,018 --> 00:23:17,168
For the first time, the war

700
00:23:17,202 --> 00:23:18,954
Reached into vietnam's cities

701
00:23:18,988 --> 00:23:23,624
And towns, including saigon.

702
00:23:23,659 --> 00:23:24,993
The tet offensive was a

703
00:23:25,027 --> 00:23:27,062
Devastating blow to u.S. Morale

704
00:23:27,096 --> 00:23:28,963
And the american public began to

705
00:23:28,998 --> 00:23:31,232
Lose faith in the war.

706
00:23:31,266 --> 00:23:32,183
>> mike wallace: With a bold

707
00:23:32,217 --> 00:23:33,384
Series of raids during the last

708
00:23:33,419 --> 00:23:35,069
Three days, the enemy in vietnam

709
00:23:35,104 --> 00:23:36,972
Has demolished the myth that

710
00:23:37,006 --> 00:23:38,172
Allied military strength

711
00:23:38,207 --> 00:23:40,074
Controls that country.

712
00:23:40,109 --> 00:23:41,442
The communists hit the very

713
00:23:41,477 --> 00:23:42,243
Heart of saigon...

714
00:23:42,277 --> 00:23:43,111
>> ellsberg narrating: When

715
00:23:43,145 --> 00:23:44,579
Johnson's top general asked for

716
00:23:44,614 --> 00:23:46,631
More troops, the request was

717
00:23:46,665 --> 00:23:49,500
<i>Leaked to the new york times.</i>

718
00:23:49,534 --> 00:23:50,635
<i>The story caused a tremendous</i>

719
00:23:50,669 --> 00:23:52,103
<i>Uproar in congress.</i>

720
00:23:52,138 --> 00:23:53,138
<i>>> henry cabot lodge: I would</i>

721
00:23:53,172 --> 00:23:54,605
<i>Feel that our people were badly</i>

722
00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:56,423
<i>Misguided and did not understand</i>

723
00:23:56,458 --> 00:23:57,725
<i>The consequences of such</i>

724
00:23:57,760 --> 00:23:58,659
<i>A disaster.</i>

725
00:23:58,694 --> 00:24:00,462
<i>>> well, we agree on one thing:</i>

726
00:24:00,496 --> 00:24:01,496
<i>That they can be badly</i>

727
00:24:01,530 --> 00:24:02,464
<i>Misguided, and you and</i>

728
00:24:02,498 --> 00:24:03,731
<i>The president, in my judgment,</i>

729
00:24:03,765 --> 00:24:05,000
<i>Have been misguiding them for</i>

730
00:24:05,034 --> 00:24:06,468
<i>A long time in this war.</i>

731
00:24:06,502 --> 00:24:07,702
<i>>> I realize now that my</i>

732
00:24:07,736 --> 00:24:09,437
<i>Previous attitude had been</i>

733
00:24:09,472 --> 00:24:11,239
<i>Simply mistaken.</i>

734
00:24:11,273 --> 00:24:13,141
<i>That I wasn't discharging my</i>

735
00:24:13,175 --> 00:24:15,710
<i>Responsibilities to the country,</i>

736
00:24:15,744 --> 00:24:18,046
<i>To the constitution, uh, to</i>

737
00:24:18,080 --> 00:24:19,714
<i>The public or to the troops,</i>

738
00:24:19,748 --> 00:24:21,416
<i>By keeping those secrets which</i>

739
00:24:21,450 --> 00:24:23,051
<i>Had led to the escalation of</i>

740
00:24:23,085 --> 00:24:24,252
<i>The war, that that had been</i>

741
00:24:24,286 --> 00:24:24,986
<i>Wrong.</i>

742
00:24:25,021 --> 00:24:26,388
<i>But the question was, what would</i>

743
00:24:26,422 --> 00:24:28,956
<i>Make a difference?</i>

744
00:24:28,991 --> 00:24:29,790
<i>...[narrating]: I met with</i>

745
00:24:29,825 --> 00:24:31,292
<i>Reporter neil sheehan at</i>

746
00:24:31,327 --> 00:24:32,560
<i>The new york times and leaked</i>

747
00:24:32,594 --> 00:24:34,129
Information about a secret

748
00:24:34,163 --> 00:24:35,696
C.I.A. Report on enemy troop

749
00:24:35,731 --> 00:24:39,034
Strength.

750
00:24:39,068 --> 00:24:41,469
The story made the front page.

751
00:24:41,504 --> 00:24:43,171
It was the first time I had gone

752
00:24:43,205 --> 00:24:45,006
Outside official channels to

753
00:24:45,041 --> 00:24:55,350
Affect the conduct of the war.

754
00:24:55,384 --> 00:25:07,628
[playing chopin...]

755
00:25:07,663 --> 00:25:08,796
>> judith ehrlich: Dan, when did

756
00:25:08,830 --> 00:25:10,731
You start playing the piano?

757
00:25:10,766 --> 00:25:12,233
>> oh, when I was five till

758
00:25:12,268 --> 00:25:13,401
I was about 15.

759
00:25:13,436 --> 00:25:14,436
>> ehrlich: And how serious were

760
00:25:14,470 --> 00:25:15,403
You at the time?

761
00:25:15,438 --> 00:25:16,737
>> well, I spent all my time

762
00:25:16,772 --> 00:25:18,673
Playing then for 10 years and

763
00:25:18,707 --> 00:25:20,808
Then didn't play for another 40.

764
00:25:20,842 --> 00:25:21,576
[laughs]

765
00:25:21,610 --> 00:25:22,810
>> ehrlich: What happened?

766
00:25:22,844 --> 00:25:24,863
>> uh, my mother died, and she

767
00:25:24,897 --> 00:25:26,564
Was the one who wanted me to be

768
00:25:26,599 --> 00:25:29,133
A concert pianist.

769
00:25:29,167 --> 00:25:33,437
On July 4th, 1946, we were

770
00:25:33,472 --> 00:25:35,507
Traveling to denver, going

771
00:25:35,541 --> 00:25:38,710
Through the cornfields of iowa,

772
00:25:38,744 --> 00:25:40,077
Very hot day, in the middle of

773
00:25:40,346 --> 00:25:41,229
The day, and my father

774
00:25:41,263 --> 00:25:43,114
Fell asleep at the wheel,

775
00:25:43,148 --> 00:25:45,399
And the car went off the road

776
00:25:45,434 --> 00:25:47,702
Into a culvert-- a wall rising

777
00:25:47,736 --> 00:25:49,303
By the side of the road, and

778
00:25:49,338 --> 00:25:50,839
Sheared off the side of the car

779
00:25:50,873 --> 00:25:52,239
Where my mother and sister were

780
00:25:52,274 --> 00:25:54,191
Sitting and killed my mother

781
00:25:54,226 --> 00:26:04,068
And sister.

782
00:26:04,102 --> 00:26:05,470
I was on the other side behind

783
00:26:05,504 --> 00:26:06,804
The driver, so I got

784
00:26:06,839 --> 00:26:10,508
A concussion and a broken knee.

785
00:26:10,542 --> 00:26:13,110
And I was in a coma for 36 hours

786
00:26:13,144 --> 00:26:14,512
And then in the hospital for

787
00:26:14,546 --> 00:26:17,114
About 3-1/2 months.

788
00:26:17,148 --> 00:26:21,151
So, um, I think it did probably

789
00:26:21,186 --> 00:26:23,721
Leave, uh, the impression on me

790
00:26:23,756 --> 00:26:25,423
That, uh, someone you loved,

791
00:26:25,457 --> 00:26:27,091
Like my father, or respected,

792
00:26:27,125 --> 00:26:30,094
An authority, could fall asleep

793
00:26:30,128 --> 00:26:32,296
At the wheel, and, um, had to be

794
00:26:32,330 --> 00:26:34,164
Watched, not because they were

795
00:26:34,199 --> 00:26:36,734
Bad, but because they were

796
00:26:36,769 --> 00:26:38,469
Inattentive perhaps to

797
00:26:38,504 --> 00:26:39,737
The risks.

798
00:26:39,772 --> 00:26:44,758
[�...]

799
00:26:44,793 --> 00:26:46,160
11 months earlier, when I was

800
00:26:46,195 --> 00:26:48,162
14, hiroshima had been

801
00:26:48,197 --> 00:26:50,331
Destroyed, and nagasaki.

802
00:26:50,365 --> 00:26:52,133
I was very concerned about this

803
00:26:52,168 --> 00:26:53,784
Turn of human events.

804
00:26:53,819 --> 00:26:57,271
I thought it was very ominous.

805
00:26:57,306 --> 00:27:00,124
What I saw as a moral, extremely

806
00:27:00,158 --> 00:27:02,627
Questionable act by our

807
00:27:02,661 --> 00:27:03,795
President-- whom I admired,

808
00:27:03,829 --> 00:27:06,163
Harry truman-- got confounded in

809
00:27:06,197 --> 00:27:09,901
My mind with my father's failure

810
00:27:09,935 --> 00:27:11,669
To stay alert and allowing

811
00:27:11,703 --> 00:27:13,638
The car to kill my mother and

812
00:27:13,672 --> 00:27:17,875
Sister.

813
00:27:17,910 --> 00:27:21,178
>> I shall not seek...

814
00:27:21,212 --> 00:27:23,981
And I will not accept...

815
00:27:24,015 --> 00:27:25,716
The nomination of my party for

816
00:27:25,751 --> 00:27:27,919
Another term as your president.

817
00:27:27,953 --> 00:27:29,170
>> richard nixon: Never has so

818
00:27:29,205 --> 00:27:30,471
Much power been used so

819
00:27:30,505 --> 00:27:32,373
Ineffectively as in vietnam.

820
00:27:32,407 --> 00:27:33,307
>> ellsberg narrating: Support

821
00:27:33,342 --> 00:27:34,942
For the war was plummeting after

822
00:27:34,976 --> 00:27:36,927
Tet, and johnson withdrew from

823
00:27:36,962 --> 00:27:39,230
The 1968 presidential race.

824
00:27:39,265 --> 00:27:40,265
>> richard nixon: I pledge to

825
00:27:40,299 --> 00:27:42,333
You, we shall have an honorable

826
00:27:42,368 --> 00:27:44,835
End to the war in vietnam.

827
00:27:44,870 --> 00:27:45,736
>> ellsberg narrating: Richard

828
00:27:45,771 --> 00:27:47,539
Nixon won the election promising

829
00:27:47,573 --> 00:27:49,374
Peace with honor.

830
00:27:49,408 --> 00:27:50,908
The public had been led to

831
00:27:50,942 --> 00:27:51,775
Believe that he had a secret

832
00:27:51,810 --> 00:27:55,546
Plan to end the war.

833
00:27:55,580 --> 00:27:56,580
...Henry kissinger was then

834
00:27:56,614 --> 00:27:58,249
Talking about the need to get

835
00:27:58,283 --> 00:28:00,651
Out of vietnam with a decent

836
00:28:00,685 --> 00:28:01,485
Interval.

837
00:28:01,519 --> 00:28:02,736
Now that was quite a radical

838
00:28:02,771 --> 00:28:03,804
Point of view for an

839
00:28:03,838 --> 00:28:05,239
Establishment person at that

840
00:28:05,274 --> 00:28:05,973
Time.

841
00:28:06,007 --> 00:28:07,975
To say, we should be out and all

842
00:28:08,009 --> 00:28:09,377
We ask is that they not

843
00:28:09,411 --> 00:28:10,778
Embarrass us by taking it over

844
00:28:10,812 --> 00:28:12,380
Immediately.

845
00:28:12,414 --> 00:28:14,882
That led in me, but in nearly

846
00:28:14,916 --> 00:28:16,484
Everybody, to the false

847
00:28:16,518 --> 00:28:18,286
Impression that presumably nixon

848
00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:19,753
Agreed with it.

849
00:28:19,788 --> 00:28:21,322
Nixon didn't agree with that

850
00:28:21,356 --> 00:28:22,723
For a minute.

851
00:28:22,757 --> 00:28:27,895
[�...]

852
00:28:27,929 --> 00:28:30,864
I had given a set of options to

853
00:28:30,899 --> 00:28:33,501
Kissinger I'd drafted at rand.

854
00:28:33,535 --> 00:28:34,802
Six or seven alternative

855
00:28:34,836 --> 00:28:36,704
Approaches in vietnam to

856
00:28:36,738 --> 00:28:38,172
Consider at his first national

857
00:28:38,207 --> 00:28:39,240
Security council meeting

858
00:28:39,274 --> 00:28:42,009
With nixon.

859
00:28:42,043 --> 00:28:44,278
And he at one point said, "dan,

860
00:28:44,313 --> 00:28:46,864
You don't have a 'win' option."

861
00:28:46,898 --> 00:28:48,699
And I said, "well, I don't think

862
00:28:48,733 --> 00:28:50,701
There is a 'win' option."

863
00:28:50,735 --> 00:28:51,769
I said, "you could double

864
00:28:51,803 --> 00:28:52,970
The number of troops and that

865
00:28:53,005 --> 00:28:53,871
Would keep things quieter,

866
00:28:53,906 --> 00:28:55,739
But until they left.

867
00:28:55,774 --> 00:28:57,574
You could use nuclear weapons

868
00:28:57,609 --> 00:28:58,943
And kill all the people.

869
00:28:58,977 --> 00:29:01,545
I wouldn't call that a win.

870
00:29:01,579 --> 00:29:03,314
So there just, as far as I see,

871
00:29:03,348 --> 00:29:07,418
Is no way to win."

872
00:29:07,452 --> 00:29:10,288
I took that opportunity to tell

873
00:29:10,322 --> 00:29:12,890
Him something that I'd long

874
00:29:12,924 --> 00:29:14,492
Thought of telling somebody who

875
00:29:14,526 --> 00:29:17,395
Was about to enter the world of

876
00:29:17,429 --> 00:29:21,266
Really high secrecy.

877
00:29:21,300 --> 00:29:23,033
And I said, "henry, you're about

878
00:29:23,068 --> 00:29:25,336
To get a lot of clearances

879
00:29:25,371 --> 00:29:27,639
Higher than top secret, that you

880
00:29:27,673 --> 00:29:29,741
Did not know existed.

881
00:29:29,775 --> 00:29:31,309
That's going to have a sequence

882
00:29:31,343 --> 00:29:33,378
Of effects on you.

883
00:29:33,412 --> 00:29:35,813
First, a great exhilaration that

884
00:29:35,847 --> 00:29:37,047
You're getting all this amazing

885
00:29:37,082 --> 00:29:38,349
Information that you didn't know

886
00:29:38,384 --> 00:29:39,884
Even existed.

887
00:29:39,918 --> 00:29:41,286
And the next phase is you'll

888
00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:43,321
Feel like a fool for not having

889
00:29:43,355 --> 00:29:44,955
Known of any of this.

890
00:29:44,990 --> 00:29:47,325
But that won't last long.

891
00:29:47,359 --> 00:29:49,327
Very soon, you'll come to think

892
00:29:49,361 --> 00:29:51,629
That everyone else is foolish.

893
00:29:51,664 --> 00:29:52,830
'what would this expert be

894
00:29:52,864 --> 00:29:54,799
Telling me if he knew what

895
00:29:54,833 --> 00:29:57,402
I knew?'

896
00:29:57,436 --> 00:29:59,370
So in the end, you stop

897
00:29:59,405 --> 00:30:04,809
Listening to them."

898
00:30:04,843 --> 00:30:05,676
>> mort halperin: I think

899
00:30:05,711 --> 00:30:07,377
Everybody thought that nixon

900
00:30:07,412 --> 00:30:08,813
Had been elected to end the war

901
00:30:08,847 --> 00:30:10,081
And was gonna end the war.

902
00:30:10,115 --> 00:30:11,933
And it became very clear to me

903
00:30:11,967 --> 00:30:15,270
That, uh, he was not.

904
00:30:15,304 --> 00:30:16,371
>> ellsberg: Mort halperin was

905
00:30:16,405 --> 00:30:17,572
Working for kissinger in

906
00:30:17,606 --> 00:30:18,906
The white house.

907
00:30:18,940 --> 00:30:21,058
In the late summer of '69, mort

908
00:30:21,093 --> 00:30:23,978
Told me, "he's staying in, and

909
00:30:24,012 --> 00:30:26,747
He's threatening escalation."

910
00:30:35,457 --> 00:30:44,582
[�...]

911
00:30:44,616 --> 00:30:45,516
>> ellsberg narrating: In August

912
00:30:45,550 --> 00:30:47,785
Of 1969, I read the earliest

913
00:30:47,819 --> 00:30:49,487
Parts of the mcnamara study

914
00:30:49,521 --> 00:30:52,957
For the first time.

915
00:30:52,992 --> 00:30:54,025
Seeing the war from its

916
00:30:54,059 --> 00:30:55,826
Beginning affected me more than

917
00:30:55,861 --> 00:30:57,862
I thought possible.

918
00:30:57,896 --> 00:30:59,363
It changed my whole sense of

919
00:30:59,397 --> 00:31:02,933
The legitimacy of the war.

920
00:31:02,968 --> 00:31:04,468
What I learned was that it was

921
00:31:04,502 --> 00:31:06,754
An american war from the start.

922
00:31:06,788 --> 00:31:07,905
President truman financed

923
00:31:07,939 --> 00:31:09,540
The french to retake its former

924
00:31:09,575 --> 00:31:12,376
Colony, even though he knew the

925
00:31:12,411 --> 00:31:13,411
French were fighting a national

926
00:31:13,712 --> 00:31:15,129
Movement that had the support of

927
00:31:15,163 --> 00:31:16,096
The people.

928
00:31:16,131 --> 00:31:17,632
>> the cost of defending

929
00:31:17,666 --> 00:31:19,901
Freedom, of defending america,

930
00:31:19,935 --> 00:31:22,437
Must be paid in many forms and

931
00:31:22,471 --> 00:31:23,504
In many places.

932
00:31:23,539 --> 00:31:24,505
>> ellsberg narrating:

933
00:31:24,540 --> 00:31:25,473
Eisenhower supported a brutal

934
00:31:25,507 --> 00:31:27,074
Dictator in canceling elections

935
00:31:27,108 --> 00:31:29,577
Called for by the 1954 geneva

936
00:31:29,945 --> 00:31:31,078
Accords.

937
00:31:31,113 --> 00:31:32,946
So we opposed elections while

938
00:31:32,981 --> 00:31:35,616
Pretending to support democracy.

939
00:31:35,650 --> 00:31:37,017
>> we are attempting to help

940
00:31:37,051 --> 00:31:38,419
Vietnam maintain its

941
00:31:38,453 --> 00:31:39,653
Independence and not fall

942
00:31:39,687 --> 00:31:40,521
Under the domination

943
00:31:40,555 --> 00:31:41,455
Of the communists.

944
00:31:41,490 --> 00:31:42,156
>> ellsberg narrating: Kennedy

945
00:31:42,190 --> 00:31:43,557
Lied to the public and to

946
00:31:43,592 --> 00:31:44,958
Congress, saying we would need

947
00:31:44,993 --> 00:31:46,994
Only advisors, even though his

948
00:31:47,028 --> 00:31:48,829
Own military experts told him

949
00:31:48,864 --> 00:31:50,531
That south vietnam would be lost

950
00:31:50,566 --> 00:31:52,032
Without an immediate commitment

951
00:31:52,067 --> 00:31:55,102
Of american combat units.

952
00:31:55,136 --> 00:31:58,038
>> we still seek no wider war.

953
00:31:58,073 --> 00:31:59,073
>> ellsberg narrating: I now saw

954
00:31:59,107 --> 00:32:00,207
That johnson was continuing

955
00:32:00,241 --> 00:32:02,977
A pattern of presidential lying.

956
00:32:03,011 --> 00:32:04,946
Each president wanted to avoid

957
00:32:04,980 --> 00:32:06,848
The stigma of losing indochina

958
00:32:06,882 --> 00:32:10,217
To communism on his watch.

959
00:32:10,251 --> 00:32:11,686
It wasn't that we were on

960
00:32:11,720 --> 00:32:13,220
The wrong side.

961
00:32:13,254 --> 00:32:16,557
<i>We were the wrong side.</i>

962
00:32:16,592 --> 00:32:18,960
It was a crime from the start,

963
00:32:18,994 --> 00:32:20,795
Carried out by four presidents

964
00:32:20,829 --> 00:32:23,180
As revealed in this study.

965
00:32:23,214 --> 00:32:24,715
And now a fifth president was

966
00:32:24,750 --> 00:32:26,216
Doing the same with no end

967
00:32:26,251 --> 00:32:30,220
In sight.

968
00:32:30,255 --> 00:32:31,456
The hundreds of thousands

969
00:32:31,490 --> 00:32:33,023
We were killing was unjustified

970
00:32:33,058 --> 00:32:35,726
Homicide, and I couldn't see

971
00:32:35,761 --> 00:32:37,528
The difference between that and

972
00:32:37,563 --> 00:32:40,481
Murder.

973
00:32:40,515 --> 00:32:48,055
Murder had to be stopped.

974
00:32:48,090 --> 00:32:53,060
>> richard nixon on tape:

975
00:32:57,665 --> 00:33:03,771
>> henry kissinger on tape:

976
00:33:11,046 --> 00:33:12,146
>> janaki tschannerl: He came

977
00:33:12,180 --> 00:33:15,216
From an enormously powerful

978
00:33:15,250 --> 00:33:19,220
War-bureaucratic machine.

979
00:33:19,254 --> 00:33:23,707
And so his thinking came from

980
00:33:23,741 --> 00:33:28,312
The entrails of that machine.

981
00:33:28,346 --> 00:33:30,664
He had begun to question his own

982
00:33:30,699 --> 00:33:31,532
Past activities.

983
00:33:31,566 --> 00:33:32,733
You know, "what did I do?

984
00:33:32,768 --> 00:33:34,869
Where was I going, what is

985
00:33:34,903 --> 00:33:36,303
The meaning of that picture with

986
00:33:36,337 --> 00:33:42,610
The rifle in my hand?"

987
00:33:42,644 --> 00:33:43,544
>> ellsberg interviewed: I went

988
00:33:43,578 --> 00:33:45,312
To a conference to meet people

989
00:33:45,346 --> 00:33:47,448
Who were using non-violent

990
00:33:47,482 --> 00:33:51,585
Resistance in their lives.

991
00:33:51,620 --> 00:33:53,019
A friend of mine told me that

992
00:33:53,054 --> 00:33:54,755
He had been a trotskyist,

993
00:33:54,789 --> 00:33:56,624
A labor organizer.

994
00:33:56,658 --> 00:33:58,158
And I thought, how does one

995
00:33:58,192 --> 00:33:59,760
Come to be a trotskyist?

996
00:33:59,795 --> 00:34:00,961
He said, "oh, it's like anything

997
00:34:00,995 --> 00:34:02,930
Else, I met a girl."

998
00:34:02,964 --> 00:34:05,332
And it's the way it is.

999
00:34:05,366 --> 00:34:08,001
So, I met a girl from india

1000
00:34:08,036 --> 00:34:10,570
Who had been a gandhian.

1001
00:34:10,605 --> 00:34:12,006
I hear her saying to someone

1002
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:14,741
Else, at some point, "I come

1003
00:34:14,776 --> 00:34:16,277
From a culture in which we have

1004
00:34:16,311 --> 00:34:18,578
No concept of enemy."

1005
00:34:18,613 --> 00:34:20,014
And it seemed to me you could

1006
00:34:20,048 --> 00:34:21,315
No more do without the concept

1007
00:34:21,349 --> 00:34:22,683
Of enemy than without the

1008
00:34:22,717 --> 00:34:25,786
Concept of zero in arithmetic.

1009
00:34:25,821 --> 00:34:29,256
>> I read into his questioning,

1010
00:34:29,291 --> 00:34:31,591
A real wanting to know,

1011
00:34:31,626 --> 00:34:33,660
And a real wanting to know

1012
00:34:33,695 --> 00:34:36,263
Because he had seen certain

1013
00:34:36,298 --> 00:34:38,299
Things that he didn't like

1014
00:34:38,333 --> 00:34:40,367
And that he didn't want to have

1015
00:34:40,401 --> 00:34:42,669
Continued in the world.

1016
00:34:42,704 --> 00:34:45,005
And so that was the kind of link

1017
00:34:45,040 --> 00:34:46,640
I think with what we were all

1018
00:34:46,674 --> 00:34:49,844
Trying to do.

1019
00:34:49,878 --> 00:34:50,777
>> ellsberg interviewed: I found

1020
00:34:50,812 --> 00:34:52,980
Myself handing out leaflets in

1021
00:34:53,014 --> 00:34:54,381
This long vigil line.

1022
00:34:54,415 --> 00:34:56,350
And at first, I simply felt

1023
00:34:56,384 --> 00:34:58,986
Ridiculous.

1024
00:34:59,020 --> 00:35:01,621
I felt that you could see

1025
00:35:01,656 --> 00:35:02,756
The words on my forehead

1026
00:35:02,790 --> 00:35:04,658
Practically: "what am I doing

1027
00:35:04,692 --> 00:35:05,659
Here?"

1028
00:35:05,693 --> 00:35:07,527
And "what is this about?"

1029
00:35:07,562 --> 00:35:08,963
I knew that if any of my

1030
00:35:08,997 --> 00:35:10,397
Colleagues at rand or

1031
00:35:10,431 --> 00:35:12,333
The pentagon were somehow to

1032
00:35:12,367 --> 00:35:14,634
Catch word of my doing this,

1033
00:35:14,669 --> 00:35:19,840
They would think I had gone mad.

1034
00:35:19,874 --> 00:35:21,642
Those that impressed me on

1035
00:35:21,676 --> 00:35:24,711
The importance of being willing

1036
00:35:24,746 --> 00:35:28,082
To pay a cost yourself were some

1037
00:35:28,116 --> 00:35:29,283
Young men who were going to

1038
00:35:29,317 --> 00:35:31,419
Prison by refusing to cooperate

1039
00:35:31,453 --> 00:35:33,287
With the draft.

1040
00:35:33,321 --> 00:35:35,956
One young man, randy kehler,

1041
00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:38,759
Was giving a talk.

1042
00:35:38,793 --> 00:35:41,762
>> within that crowd of people,

1043
00:35:42,064 --> 00:35:44,848
I was introduced to this fellow

1044
00:35:44,883 --> 00:35:47,017
From a background that didn't

1045
00:35:47,051 --> 00:35:48,352
Quite fit with the others...

1046
00:35:48,387 --> 00:35:50,721
[laughs] and that was dan.

1047
00:35:50,756 --> 00:35:52,156
>> and he talked very personally

1048
00:35:52,190 --> 00:35:53,991
About what had led him to leave

1049
00:35:54,025 --> 00:35:55,693
Stanford and join the war

1050
00:35:55,727 --> 00:35:57,194
Resister's league office.

1051
00:35:57,228 --> 00:35:59,330
>> if you can imagine a

1052
00:35:59,364 --> 00:36:04,402
25-year-old about to go to trial

1053
00:36:04,436 --> 00:36:06,737
Having been indicted on five

1054
00:36:06,772 --> 00:36:08,673
Counts, each one of which had a

1055
00:36:08,707 --> 00:36:12,042
Maximum sentence of five years.

1056
00:36:12,076 --> 00:36:13,443
>> and as he was telling this,

1057
00:36:13,478 --> 00:36:14,778
He said, "yesterday our friend

1058
00:36:14,813 --> 00:36:18,115
Bob went to jail," and his voice

1059
00:36:18,149 --> 00:36:20,350
Broke a little at this.

1060
00:36:20,385 --> 00:36:21,886
And then he said, "a week ago,

1061
00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:23,687
David harris," who's the husband

1062
00:36:23,722 --> 00:36:27,124
Of joan baez, "went to prison."

1063
00:36:27,158 --> 00:36:28,458
And he said, "and I'm really

1064
00:36:28,493 --> 00:36:31,094
Happy that I'll be joining them.

1065
00:36:31,129 --> 00:36:32,112
But I'm not worried because

1066
00:36:32,146 --> 00:36:33,580
I know that the rest of you

1067
00:36:33,615 --> 00:36:36,483
Will be carrying on."

1068
00:36:36,518 --> 00:36:38,719
So by this time, everybody was

1069
00:36:38,753 --> 00:36:40,754
Standing and just clapping,

1070
00:36:40,789 --> 00:36:42,022
But-- and crying.

1071
00:36:42,056 --> 00:36:44,759
And I was crying.

1072
00:36:44,793 --> 00:36:47,227
And I left the auditorium and I

1073
00:36:47,262 --> 00:36:48,429
Found a men's room that was

1074
00:36:48,463 --> 00:36:51,031
Deserted, sat on the tile floor

1075
00:36:51,065 --> 00:36:53,167
Just sobbing, hysterically

1076
00:36:53,201 --> 00:36:54,968
Crying for just-- sobbing for

1077
00:36:55,003 --> 00:36:57,305
A long time, for over an hour.

1078
00:36:57,339 --> 00:36:58,372
And I had these various

1079
00:36:58,407 --> 00:37:01,141
Thoughts, but one of the

1080
00:37:01,176 --> 00:37:04,095
Thoughts was, "the best thing

1081
00:37:04,129 --> 00:37:07,331
That the best young men of our

1082
00:37:07,365 --> 00:37:11,468
Country can do is go to prison."

1083
00:37:11,503 --> 00:37:12,736
When I heard you say these

1084
00:37:12,771 --> 00:37:14,805
Words, "I'm going to prison,"

1085
00:37:14,839 --> 00:37:17,140
It was as if an axe had split

1086
00:37:17,175 --> 00:37:18,809
My head.

1087
00:37:18,843 --> 00:37:21,779
But... [emotionally]

1088
00:37:21,813 --> 00:37:23,380
But what had really happened was

1089
00:37:23,414 --> 00:37:27,785
That my life had split in two.

1090
00:37:27,819 --> 00:37:29,453
And it was my life after

1091
00:37:29,487 --> 00:37:31,088
Those words that I've lived

1092
00:37:31,122 --> 00:37:39,262
Ever since.

1093
00:37:39,297 --> 00:37:41,999
...And eventually, I got up

1094
00:37:42,033 --> 00:37:43,767
And washed my face, and then

1095
00:37:43,802 --> 00:37:45,903
I think I cried some more,

1096
00:37:45,937 --> 00:37:48,973
And then I thought, "o.K., now

1097
00:37:49,007 --> 00:37:50,507
What can I do to help end

1098
00:37:50,541 --> 00:37:53,477
This war, now that I'm ready to

1099
00:37:53,511 --> 00:37:54,478
Go to prison?"

1100
00:37:54,512 --> 00:37:55,512
[faint conversation

1101
00:37:55,546 --> 00:38:01,568
And laughter...]

1102
00:38:01,602 --> 00:38:02,435
...This trick is called

1103
00:38:02,470 --> 00:38:07,507
The square circle.

1104
00:38:07,542 --> 00:38:16,283
Square...

1105
00:38:16,317 --> 00:38:17,317
>> tom oliphant: One of the

1106
00:38:17,351 --> 00:38:20,821
Things that stood out about dan

1107
00:38:20,855 --> 00:38:23,991
Was how severe dan's judgments

1108
00:38:24,025 --> 00:38:26,927
Were about himself.

1109
00:38:26,961 --> 00:38:29,063
More than most people I had met,

1110
00:38:29,097 --> 00:38:31,198
It seemed to me he was still,

1111
00:38:31,232 --> 00:38:33,867
As a relatively recent convert,

1112
00:38:33,902 --> 00:38:35,803
He was still sort of transfixed

1113
00:38:35,837 --> 00:38:37,938
By this question, "how could I

1114
00:38:37,972 --> 00:38:39,639
Have done what I did?"

1115
00:38:39,674 --> 00:38:41,391
>> ellsberg: O.K.?

1116
00:38:41,425 --> 00:38:42,726
>> oliphant: And slowly

1117
00:38:42,761 --> 00:38:44,928
He began filling in the blanks

1118
00:38:44,963 --> 00:38:48,298
Of this thing I had never

1119
00:38:48,332 --> 00:38:50,167
Heard of: "the study."

1120
00:38:50,201 --> 00:38:51,535
Now, I obviously didn't believe

1121
00:38:51,569 --> 00:38:54,371
In magic potions, but clearly he

1122
00:38:54,405 --> 00:38:56,406
Was referring to something that

1123
00:38:56,441 --> 00:38:58,408
Was so definitive that it was

1124
00:38:58,443 --> 00:39:07,684
Capable of changing your view.

1125
00:39:07,719 --> 00:39:11,989
[�...]

1126
00:39:12,023 --> 00:39:13,456
>> man: Dan was headed toward

1127
00:39:13,491 --> 00:39:15,592
Walking through the door

1128
00:39:15,627 --> 00:39:17,794
Of being a radical,

1129
00:39:17,829 --> 00:39:20,664
But he would always take half,

1130
00:39:20,698 --> 00:39:22,632
He would always go halfway.

1131
00:39:27,072 --> 00:39:29,707
Back at the rand corporation,

1132
00:39:29,741 --> 00:39:31,341
He sought me out.

1133
00:39:31,375 --> 00:39:32,977
He said he wanted me to brief

1134
00:39:33,011 --> 00:39:37,314
Him on intelligence in vietnam,

1135
00:39:37,349 --> 00:39:39,917
U.S. Military intelligence.

1136
00:39:39,951 --> 00:39:41,318
And so I said, "o.K., have

1137
00:39:41,353 --> 00:39:42,720
A seat."

1138
00:39:42,754 --> 00:39:43,987
...All the vietnamese have ever

1139
00:39:44,022 --> 00:39:45,989
Wanted is self-determination,

1140
00:39:46,024 --> 00:39:46,957
Really.

1141
00:39:46,991 --> 00:39:47,758
>> ellsberg interviewed: He'd

1142
00:39:47,792 --> 00:39:49,226
Been in vietnam for a couple of

1143
00:39:49,260 --> 00:39:50,527
Years and had a much more

1144
00:39:50,561 --> 00:39:51,795
Radical view of the war than

1145
00:39:51,830 --> 00:39:53,697
I did at that point.

1146
00:39:53,732 --> 00:39:55,332
And I talked to him quite a bit

1147
00:39:55,366 --> 00:39:56,533
At rand and I liked him.

1148
00:39:56,567 --> 00:39:58,235
He's a very likeable person.

1149
00:39:58,269 --> 00:39:59,919
Very forthcoming, very funny,

1150
00:39:59,954 --> 00:40:01,488
Very, very smart.

1151
00:40:01,523 --> 00:40:02,689
>> he had sort of given up

1152
00:40:02,723 --> 00:40:05,292
All his old cohorts at the rand

1153
00:40:05,326 --> 00:40:08,061
Corporation and was hanging out

1154
00:40:08,095 --> 00:40:09,563
With me.

1155
00:40:09,597 --> 00:40:11,798
He was in my office every day.

1156
00:40:11,832 --> 00:40:13,433
And we'd go out to dinner

1157
00:40:13,468 --> 00:40:14,801
And we'd double date.

1158
00:40:14,835 --> 00:40:16,537
And people were buzzing about

1159
00:40:16,571 --> 00:40:18,605
It, because he had been one of

1160
00:40:18,640 --> 00:40:21,107
The top dogs.

1161
00:40:21,142 --> 00:40:22,042
>> he did reports that

1162
00:40:22,076 --> 00:40:24,378
Ultimately got him fired, uh,

1163
00:40:24,412 --> 00:40:27,163
About torture and various other

1164
00:40:27,198 --> 00:40:29,899
Reports that they didn't like.

1165
00:40:29,934 --> 00:40:32,336
After he left rand, he talked

1166
00:40:32,370 --> 00:40:34,204
About lies in the studies he had

1167
00:40:34,238 --> 00:40:35,706
Done, lying that had gone on.

1168
00:40:35,740 --> 00:40:37,307
I said I knew of a study,

1169
00:40:37,341 --> 00:40:38,508
Had been reading a study that

1170
00:40:38,543 --> 00:40:41,478
Revealed very high-level lying.

1171
00:40:41,512 --> 00:40:42,379
>> I said, "dan, you should

1172
00:40:42,413 --> 00:40:44,147
Leak that to the press."

1173
00:40:44,181 --> 00:40:54,758
[�...]

1174
00:40:54,792 --> 00:40:55,492
>> ellsberg narrating: Keeping

1175
00:40:55,526 --> 00:40:57,093
Silent in public about what

1176
00:40:57,128 --> 00:40:58,729
I had read and heard made me

1177
00:40:58,763 --> 00:41:01,598
An accomplice.

1178
00:41:01,633 --> 00:41:03,133
<i>It was not only they who had</i>

1179
00:41:03,167 --> 00:41:05,034
Kept all these decisions quiet,

1180
00:41:05,069 --> 00:41:07,437
Hidden from the american public.

1181
00:41:07,472 --> 00:41:12,876
I had kept them quiet.

1182
00:41:12,910 --> 00:41:14,311
My motives, to be sure, were

1183
00:41:14,345 --> 00:41:16,813
Initially those of an observer,

1184
00:41:16,847 --> 00:41:18,315
A rand social scientist

1185
00:41:18,349 --> 00:41:19,783
Interested in understanding

1186
00:41:19,817 --> 00:41:21,184
The internal processes of

1187
00:41:21,218 --> 00:41:23,119
Government.

1188
00:41:23,154 --> 00:41:24,321
But my role was one of

1189
00:41:24,355 --> 00:41:26,456
A participant, even when I acted

1190
00:41:26,491 --> 00:41:29,192
As an internal critic.

1191
00:41:29,226 --> 00:41:30,960
Having expressed my objections,

1192
00:41:30,995 --> 00:41:34,164
I stayed in place, observed,

1193
00:41:34,198 --> 00:41:36,733
Took part-- in short, I did

1194
00:41:36,768 --> 00:41:43,039
The jobs assigned to me.

1195
00:41:43,073 --> 00:41:45,041
Henry david thoreau said,

1196
00:41:45,075 --> 00:41:47,577
"cast your whole vote, not

1197
00:41:47,612 --> 00:41:49,479
A strip of paper merely,

1198
00:41:49,514 --> 00:41:52,582
But your whole influence."

1199
00:41:52,617 --> 00:41:53,983
What if I were willing to give

1200
00:41:54,018 --> 00:41:55,852
Up my top secret clearance,

1201
00:41:55,886 --> 00:41:57,921
My career, my privileged access

1202
00:41:57,955 --> 00:42:00,590
To decision makers?

1203
00:42:00,625 --> 00:42:03,059
What if I gave all that up?

1204
00:42:03,093 --> 00:42:04,561
What if I were willing to risk

1205
00:42:04,595 --> 00:42:11,501
Prosecution?

1206
00:42:11,536 --> 00:42:12,336
...[interviewed]: Then I thought

1207
00:42:12,370 --> 00:42:14,371
All right, I have in my safe

1208
00:42:14,405 --> 00:42:16,906
Thousands of pages of documents

1209
00:42:16,941 --> 00:42:21,345
That give the lie to this

1210
00:42:21,379 --> 00:42:22,612
Pattern of deception.

1211
00:42:22,647 --> 00:42:24,715
I'm not going to be part of this

1212
00:42:24,749 --> 00:42:28,768
System of lying anymore.

1213
00:42:28,803 --> 00:42:31,305
So, I went and saw tony,

1214
00:42:31,339 --> 00:42:32,739
And I said to him, "you know

1215
00:42:32,773 --> 00:42:34,575
That study I mentioned, I have

1216
00:42:34,609 --> 00:42:36,610
It and I'm ready to put it out,

1217
00:42:36,644 --> 00:42:38,312
I'm gonna put it out now.

1218
00:42:38,346 --> 00:42:39,413
Can you help me?"

1219
00:42:39,447 --> 00:42:40,847
>> "can you find

1220
00:42:40,882 --> 00:42:42,415
A xerox machine?"

1221
00:42:42,449 --> 00:42:43,250
I said, "I've got

1222
00:42:43,284 --> 00:42:45,218
The very place."

1223
00:42:45,253 --> 00:42:56,746
[�...]

1224
00:42:56,781 --> 00:42:57,747
>> ellsberg narrating: I began

1225
00:42:57,782 --> 00:42:59,733
Xeroxing the mcnamara study

1226
00:42:59,767 --> 00:43:05,038
In the fall of 1969.

1227
00:43:05,072 --> 00:43:06,239
At the end of the day,

1228
00:43:06,273 --> 00:43:07,674
Working at rand, I would put

1229
00:43:07,709 --> 00:43:08,942
Several volumes into my

1230
00:43:08,976 --> 00:43:12,612
Briefcase to take with me.

1231
00:43:12,647 --> 00:43:14,047
Walking past the security

1232
00:43:14,081 --> 00:43:16,016
Guards, I could feel my heart

1233
00:43:16,050 --> 00:43:17,985
Beating.

1234
00:43:18,019 --> 00:43:19,252
I couldn't help thinking about

1235
00:43:19,487 --> 00:43:20,620
The dozen or so secrecy

1236
00:43:20,655 --> 00:43:21,989
Agreements I had signed over

1237
00:43:22,023 --> 00:43:23,456
The course of my career in

1238
00:43:23,692 --> 00:43:26,994
Government.

1239
00:43:27,028 --> 00:43:29,997
The task seemed endless.

1240
00:43:30,031 --> 00:43:30,931
I often worked through

1241
00:43:30,965 --> 00:43:32,882
The night.

1242
00:43:32,917 --> 00:43:34,284
Early in the morning, I returned

1243
00:43:34,319 --> 00:43:35,953
The papers to my safe at rand

1244
00:43:35,987 --> 00:43:40,307
And headed home.

1245
00:43:40,341 --> 00:43:41,141
...[interviewed]: I'd get back

1246
00:43:41,176 --> 00:43:42,759
To my house on a little narrow

1247
00:43:42,794 --> 00:43:45,328
Beach in malibu.

1248
00:43:45,362 --> 00:43:47,263
I loved to bodysurf and I would

1249
00:43:47,298 --> 00:43:48,999
Go in every morning, uh, before

1250
00:43:49,033 --> 00:43:50,901
I went to bed.

1251
00:43:50,935 --> 00:43:52,903
And I remember at some point

1252
00:43:52,937 --> 00:43:56,139
During this, being in the waves,

1253
00:43:56,173 --> 00:43:58,041
In the sunlight, and looking

1254
00:43:58,076 --> 00:43:59,710
Back at the hills in malibu

1255
00:43:59,744 --> 00:44:02,195
And the waves which I loved,

1256
00:44:02,230 --> 00:44:03,997
And thinking, "how can I be

1257
00:44:04,032 --> 00:44:05,399
Doing this, how can I be giving

1258
00:44:05,433 --> 00:44:09,436
All this up?"

1259
00:44:09,470 --> 00:44:11,938
>> I was 13 at the time.

1260
00:44:11,972 --> 00:44:13,206
He said there was a secret

1261
00:44:13,241 --> 00:44:14,574
History of the vietnam war

1262
00:44:14,608 --> 00:44:15,608
That he'd been reading,

1263
00:44:15,643 --> 00:44:17,310
And he had a copy of this.

1264
00:44:17,345 --> 00:44:19,179
And he had decided that he

1265
00:44:19,213 --> 00:44:22,082
Wanted to make a copy of it and

1266
00:44:22,116 --> 00:44:23,517
Make it available to congress.

1267
00:44:23,551 --> 00:44:26,053
He described it in terms of

1268
00:44:26,087 --> 00:44:27,320
Civil disobedience.

1269
00:44:27,355 --> 00:44:28,588
Would I help him?

1270
00:44:28,622 --> 00:44:29,589
I didn't suppose that he

1271
00:44:29,623 --> 00:44:31,258
Literally needed my help,

1272
00:44:31,292 --> 00:44:32,259
But that this was something

1273
00:44:32,293 --> 00:44:34,444
Risky and very important to him.

1274
00:44:34,478 --> 00:44:36,546
And it was important to him that

1275
00:44:36,580 --> 00:44:38,715
I be a part of it some way.

1276
00:44:38,749 --> 00:44:39,917
And I think that very afternoon,

1277
00:44:39,951 --> 00:44:41,852
We began copying the pentagon

1278
00:44:41,886 --> 00:44:43,770
Papers.

1279
00:44:43,805 --> 00:44:44,437
>> ellsberg interviewed: The

1280
00:44:44,472 --> 00:44:45,872
Children were in-between on this

1281
00:44:45,907 --> 00:44:47,507
When I-- in a way that I didn't

1282
00:44:47,541 --> 00:44:48,809
Realize.

1283
00:44:48,843 --> 00:44:50,644
Their mother, my former wife,

1284
00:44:50,678 --> 00:44:52,178
Really thought that I'd done

1285
00:44:52,213 --> 00:44:54,113
Something very bad and had

1286
00:44:54,148 --> 00:44:56,450
Involved her children in it.

1287
00:44:56,484 --> 00:44:57,584
Whereas, my thought was that

1288
00:44:57,618 --> 00:44:59,653
I'd given them a chance to be in

1289
00:44:59,687 --> 00:45:05,642
On something quite historic.

1290
00:45:05,676 --> 00:45:07,044
Well, I didn't know when I'd be

1291
00:45:07,078 --> 00:45:08,245
Stopped, and I thought it would

1292
00:45:08,279 --> 00:45:09,612
Be within a matter of weeks,

1293
00:45:09,647 --> 00:45:11,014
And that I might never see my

1294
00:45:11,049 --> 00:45:12,782
Children again except through

1295
00:45:12,817 --> 00:45:15,719
Thick glass.

1296
00:45:15,753 --> 00:45:18,188
I wanted my son, who was 13,

1297
00:45:18,223 --> 00:45:21,091
To see that I was doing this

1298
00:45:21,125 --> 00:45:22,092
Because I thought it was

1299
00:45:22,126 --> 00:45:23,493
The right thing to do and doing

1300
00:45:23,527 --> 00:45:24,995
It in a straightforward manner,

1301
00:45:25,029 --> 00:45:26,696
That I hadn't gone crazy.

1302
00:45:26,731 --> 00:45:32,486
[�...]

1303
00:45:32,520 --> 00:45:34,053
There was a night where mary,

1304
00:45:34,088 --> 00:45:35,589
My daughter, who was only 10,

1305
00:45:35,623 --> 00:45:36,590
Got into it.

1306
00:45:36,624 --> 00:45:37,557
She complained about being

1307
00:45:37,591 --> 00:45:40,426
Left in the car, so she came up.

1308
00:45:40,461 --> 00:45:42,996
So, I gave her a job to do.

1309
00:45:43,030 --> 00:45:46,766
Tony was copying and robert was

1310
00:45:46,800 --> 00:45:49,186
Collating and mary was cutting

1311
00:45:49,220 --> 00:45:50,887
"top secret" off the top and

1312
00:45:50,922 --> 00:45:52,789
Bottom of the pages.

1313
00:45:52,824 --> 00:45:54,024
>> just working away, when all

1314
00:45:54,058 --> 00:45:56,026
Of a sudden there was a knock

1315
00:45:56,060 --> 00:45:57,594
On the door.

1316
00:45:57,628 --> 00:45:58,328
>> ellsberg interviewed: There

1317
00:45:58,363 --> 00:45:59,579
Was a knock on the door,

1318
00:45:59,614 --> 00:46:01,381
The glass door next to me, and I

1319
00:46:01,416 --> 00:46:03,183
See two large blue-uniformed

1320
00:46:03,217 --> 00:46:04,317
Policemen.

1321
00:46:04,352 --> 00:46:05,952
>> and there was an l.A.P.D.

1322
00:46:05,986 --> 00:46:08,188
Standing there.

1323
00:46:08,222 --> 00:46:09,322
And I said to myself,

1324
00:46:09,357 --> 00:46:11,158
"these guys are really good."

1325
00:46:11,192 --> 00:46:12,492
>> so they saw this family

1326
00:46:12,527 --> 00:46:13,860
Scene, you know, of my

1327
00:46:13,894 --> 00:46:15,162
10-year-old daughter and

1328
00:46:15,196 --> 00:46:17,230
13-year-old son.

1329
00:46:17,265 --> 00:46:19,199
I sort of casually covered

1330
00:46:19,233 --> 00:46:21,100
The mach... I took the lid and I

1331
00:46:21,135 --> 00:46:23,570
Put it over the top secret stuff

1332
00:46:23,604 --> 00:46:25,639
On this and cleared up a little

1333
00:46:25,673 --> 00:46:27,307
And then opened the door.

1334
00:46:27,341 --> 00:46:28,308
>> uh, they said, "you know,

1335
00:46:28,342 --> 00:46:29,609
Your alarm's gone off again,"

1336
00:46:29,643 --> 00:46:30,843
And he said, "oh, I'm sorry,

1337
00:46:30,878 --> 00:46:32,245
I gotta learn how to figure out

1338
00:46:32,279 --> 00:46:33,079
How to do that."

1339
00:46:33,114 --> 00:46:34,481
And they said, "o.K., you know,

1340
00:46:34,515 --> 00:46:35,115
Be more careful."

1341
00:46:35,149 --> 00:46:35,948
>> tony russo: I thought,

1342
00:46:35,983 --> 00:46:36,949
There was the guy looking

1343
00:46:36,984 --> 00:46:38,751
Through the window at me,

1344
00:46:38,785 --> 00:46:40,420
At the crime of the century,

1345
00:46:40,454 --> 00:46:43,089
"crime" in quotes, of course.

1346
00:46:43,124 --> 00:46:46,192
And, uh, didn't realize it, went

1347
00:46:46,227 --> 00:46:48,461
Right on, never realized it,

1348
00:46:48,496 --> 00:46:52,499
Never heard from him again.

1349
00:46:52,533 --> 00:47:00,340
[�...]

1350
00:47:00,374 --> 00:47:01,341
>> ellsberg narrating: The study

1351
00:47:01,375 --> 00:47:05,145
Was 47 volumes, 7,000 pages.

1352
00:47:05,179 --> 00:47:06,546
It would take me months of

1353
00:47:06,580 --> 00:47:11,751
Xeroxing.

1354
00:47:11,785 --> 00:47:15,255
I put my hopes in congress.

1355
00:47:15,289 --> 00:47:16,623
I took the papers to the most

1356
00:47:16,657 --> 00:47:19,492
Outspoken critics of the war.

1357
00:47:19,527 --> 00:47:20,627
Surely they would embrace these

1358
00:47:20,661 --> 00:47:21,878
Revelations and would want to

1359
00:47:21,912 --> 00:47:24,247
Make them public.

1360
00:47:24,282 --> 00:47:25,715
...The people that I needed to

1361
00:47:25,749 --> 00:47:27,584
Talk or somehow to reach were

1362
00:47:27,618 --> 00:47:29,252
The ones who had been saying

1363
00:47:29,287 --> 00:47:30,453
They had been against the war

1364
00:47:30,488 --> 00:47:31,421
For years.

1365
00:47:31,455 --> 00:47:32,689
Years while I was supporting

1366
00:47:32,723 --> 00:47:34,757
The war, longer than me.

1367
00:47:34,792 --> 00:47:35,958
Who said that they saw through

1368
00:47:35,993 --> 00:47:37,360
The war, that they saw that it

1369
00:47:37,395 --> 00:47:38,628
Was wrong, and what I wanted

1370
00:47:38,663 --> 00:47:40,564
Them to do now, and what I still

1371
00:47:40,598 --> 00:47:41,964
Want them to do, and what they

1372
00:47:41,999 --> 00:47:45,435
Still can do, is to act.

1373
00:47:45,470 --> 00:47:47,270
...[narrating]: But no one did.

1374
00:47:47,305 --> 00:47:48,405
Meanwhile the war was

1375
00:47:48,439 --> 00:47:50,807
Escalating.

1376
00:47:50,841 --> 00:47:51,774
Then I heard congressman

1377
00:47:51,809 --> 00:47:54,544
Pete mccloskey give a speech.

1378
00:47:54,578 --> 00:47:55,512
>> I said, "I think they're

1379
00:47:55,546 --> 00:47:56,513
Not telling us the truth

1380
00:47:56,547 --> 00:47:57,514
About vietnam," and I told

1381
00:47:57,548 --> 00:47:58,715
Some of the things I had

1382
00:47:58,749 --> 00:48:00,017
Just seen a month earlier.

1383
00:48:00,051 --> 00:48:01,218
>> ellsberg interviewed: He had

1384
00:48:01,252 --> 00:48:02,619
Come back and revealed

1385
00:48:02,653 --> 00:48:04,721
Information about the secret

1386
00:48:04,755 --> 00:48:06,323
Bombing of laos.

1387
00:48:06,357 --> 00:48:08,258
Here was a u.S. Representative

1388
00:48:08,292 --> 00:48:10,494
Using the word "lies."

1389
00:48:10,528 --> 00:48:11,695
So I thought, "all right, here's

1390
00:48:11,729 --> 00:48:14,163
A man with the guts then to use

1391
00:48:14,198 --> 00:48:15,832
Some documentation."

1392
00:48:15,867 --> 00:48:16,800
>> and somebody handed me

1393
00:48:16,834 --> 00:48:17,801
A note.

1394
00:48:17,835 --> 00:48:19,102
The note said, "you're right,

1395
00:48:19,136 --> 00:48:20,837
I have information that will

1396
00:48:20,872 --> 00:48:22,205
Document what you're saying."

1397
00:48:22,239 --> 00:48:23,373
>> ellsberg interviewed: And he

1398
00:48:23,291 --> 00:48:24,624
Said he'd like to discuss it

1399
00:48:24,659 --> 00:48:26,058
With me but that he was shortly

1400
00:48:26,093 --> 00:48:27,794
Leaving and if I was willing to

1401
00:48:27,828 --> 00:48:29,529
Come with him, we could talk

1402
00:48:29,563 --> 00:48:31,230
About it on the way.

1403
00:48:31,265 --> 00:48:32,748
So to show how desperate I was

1404
00:48:32,783 --> 00:48:34,384
At this point, I was paying for

1405
00:48:34,418 --> 00:48:35,685
A trip to california just to

1406
00:48:35,719 --> 00:48:38,438
Talk with this representative.

1407
00:48:38,472 --> 00:48:39,906
>> mccloskey: And he had a

1408
00:48:39,940 --> 00:48:41,474
Passion about him, an intensity,

1409
00:48:41,509 --> 00:48:43,009
I guess is the best way I'd

1410
00:48:43,043 --> 00:48:43,710
Describe it.

1411
00:48:43,744 --> 00:48:45,312
He didn't smile much.

1412
00:48:45,346 --> 00:48:46,513
He was deadly serious wanting me

1413
00:48:46,547 --> 00:48:49,015
To understand these documents.

1414
00:48:49,049 --> 00:48:50,367
>> I thought then and I think

1415
00:48:50,401 --> 00:48:53,136
More now than before, that

1416
00:48:53,170 --> 00:48:55,738
Documents had a power to be

1417
00:48:55,773 --> 00:48:57,240
Taken seriously and to attract

1418
00:48:57,275 --> 00:49:00,093
Attention that nothing else did.

1419
00:49:00,127 --> 00:49:00,927
>> mccloskey: I think all

1420
00:49:00,962 --> 00:49:02,329
Of us, knowing that they were

1421
00:49:02,363 --> 00:49:04,630
Top secret, were not sure what

1422
00:49:04,665 --> 00:49:05,882
Our rights were with respect to

1423
00:49:05,916 --> 00:49:08,117
Top secret documents.

1424
00:49:08,152 --> 00:49:09,152
But those papers were

1425
00:49:09,186 --> 00:49:11,755
A revelation and I testified in

1426
00:49:11,789 --> 00:49:13,056
Front of the fulbright committee

1427
00:49:13,090 --> 00:49:14,791
And afterwards I went up to him

1428
00:49:14,826 --> 00:49:15,658
And I said, "senator, I've got

1429
00:49:15,692 --> 00:49:17,059
A set of papers here that if

1430
00:49:17,094 --> 00:49:18,261
They were known to the public,

1431
00:49:18,295 --> 00:49:20,062
Would cause public opinion to

1432
00:49:20,097 --> 00:49:21,797
Turn against the war."

1433
00:49:21,832 --> 00:49:23,933
Well, he said, "yeah, I got

1434
00:49:23,967 --> 00:49:25,435
A set too."

1435
00:49:25,469 --> 00:49:26,586
>> man: There obviously

1436
00:49:26,621 --> 00:49:28,755
Was a kind of culture of

1437
00:49:28,789 --> 00:49:30,790
Timidity in congress,

1438
00:49:30,825 --> 00:49:34,227
A deference to the executive

1439
00:49:34,261 --> 00:49:36,763
Branch and a fear of being

1440
00:49:36,797 --> 00:49:38,631
Called unpatriotic.

1441
00:49:38,666 --> 00:49:41,000
A fear of being accused of

1442
00:49:41,034 --> 00:49:42,969
Revealing military secrets

1443
00:49:43,003 --> 00:49:44,136
And so on.

1444
00:49:44,171 --> 00:49:45,438
And that this culture was so

1445
00:49:45,473 --> 00:49:47,841
Strong that even senators and

1446
00:49:47,875 --> 00:49:48,842
Congressmen who were against

1447
00:49:48,876 --> 00:49:51,711
The war didn't want to do

1448
00:49:51,746 --> 00:49:53,212
Anything with the papers that

1449
00:49:53,247 --> 00:49:56,866
Dan ellsberg offered them.

1450
00:49:56,900 --> 00:50:01,821
[�...]

1451
00:50:01,855 --> 00:50:02,972
>> ellsberg interviewed: I had

1452
00:50:02,974 --> 00:50:04,090
Told my former wife

1453
00:50:04,124 --> 00:50:05,859
What I was doing.

1454
00:50:05,893 --> 00:50:07,727
She had told her stepmother,

1455
00:50:07,761 --> 00:50:09,429
Who had then told the f.B.I.,

1456
00:50:09,463 --> 00:50:10,663
It turned out.

1457
00:50:10,698 --> 00:50:12,932
And the f.B.I. Then came

1458
00:50:12,966 --> 00:50:14,233
To harry rowen.

1459
00:50:14,268 --> 00:50:16,636
As president of rand, he had

1460
00:50:16,670 --> 00:50:18,154
Been involved in getting me

1461
00:50:18,189 --> 00:50:20,690
Access to the pentagon papers.

1462
00:50:20,724 --> 00:50:22,692
His impression at the time was

1463
00:50:22,726 --> 00:50:24,494
That I had not broken any law

1464
00:50:24,528 --> 00:50:27,197
If I had given it to the senate,

1465
00:50:27,231 --> 00:50:29,131
That they had a right to see it.

1466
00:50:29,166 --> 00:50:30,900
But I expected the f.B.I.

1467
00:50:30,934 --> 00:50:32,735
To come down on me very shortly

1468
00:50:32,769 --> 00:50:47,383
After that.

1469
00:50:47,418 --> 00:50:48,218
>> patricia: He had really

1470
00:50:48,252 --> 00:50:49,752
Radically changed in his view

1471
00:50:49,786 --> 00:50:51,521
Of the war, and I knew that,

1472
00:50:51,555 --> 00:50:54,307
I knew he'd changed.

1473
00:50:54,341 --> 00:50:56,008
In the first year of marriage,

1474
00:50:56,043 --> 00:50:57,209
We're talking about him going to

1475
00:50:57,244 --> 00:50:59,979
Prison for the rest of life.

1476
00:51:00,013 --> 00:51:01,247
He gave me a number of

1477
00:51:01,281 --> 00:51:03,115
The papers to read.

1478
00:51:03,150 --> 00:51:05,351
And as I was reading it,

1479
00:51:05,385 --> 00:51:09,456
I was horrified by the coldness,

1480
00:51:09,490 --> 00:51:11,758
The calculatedness, and in

1481
00:51:11,792 --> 00:51:13,827
Particular, the language of

1482
00:51:13,861 --> 00:51:15,094
The torturers.

1483
00:51:15,128 --> 00:51:18,498
There were quotes saying,

1484
00:51:18,532 --> 00:51:20,533
"we'll give the north vietnamese

1485
00:51:20,568 --> 00:51:22,902
One more turn of the screw."

1486
00:51:22,937 --> 00:51:24,938
Or "let's try the water drop

1487
00:51:24,972 --> 00:51:26,539
Technique."

1488
00:51:26,574 --> 00:51:27,540
And I was thinking,

1489
00:51:27,575 --> 00:51:28,875
"what is this?

1490
00:51:28,909 --> 00:51:30,309
How can the leaders of our

1491
00:51:30,344 --> 00:51:31,811
Country be talking in this

1492
00:51:31,846 --> 00:51:35,548
Language and then misleading

1493
00:51:35,583 --> 00:51:37,867
The american public?"

1494
00:51:37,901 --> 00:51:41,338
And then I just started to cry.

1495
00:51:41,372 --> 00:51:44,608
Because I knew that he really

1496
00:51:44,642 --> 00:51:47,110
Had to give them out.

1497
00:51:47,144 --> 00:51:48,528
And so there were tears in my

1498
00:51:48,563 --> 00:51:50,163
Eyes and I came out and I just

1499
00:51:50,198 --> 00:51:51,898
Said, "do it."

1500
00:51:51,932 --> 00:52:02,291
[�...]

1501
00:52:02,326 --> 00:52:03,493
>> man: I walked into this hotel

1502
00:52:03,527 --> 00:52:05,127
Room where he and I holed up,

1503
00:52:05,162 --> 00:52:07,414
And neil says, "rick, look at

1504
00:52:07,448 --> 00:52:09,416
What we've got!"

1505
00:52:09,450 --> 00:52:11,451
I mean, it was just staggering.

1506
00:52:11,485 --> 00:52:14,136
The raw, top secret,

1507
00:52:14,171 --> 00:52:15,338
Eyes-only documents.

1508
00:52:15,372 --> 00:52:17,507
From earle wheeler to general

1509
00:52:17,541 --> 00:52:18,975
Westmoreland, from johnson

1510
00:52:19,009 --> 00:52:20,076
To taylor.

1511
00:52:20,110 --> 00:52:21,444
You could go back and see,

1512
00:52:21,479 --> 00:52:23,847
Yes, kennedy did send in troops

1513
00:52:23,881 --> 00:52:25,582
In violation of the geneva

1514
00:52:25,616 --> 00:52:27,883
Accord, yes, johnson did start

1515
00:52:27,918 --> 00:52:29,452
The buildup before he said

1516
00:52:29,486 --> 00:52:30,303
He was going to.

1517
00:52:30,337 --> 00:52:32,305
I remember writing this story.

1518
00:52:32,339 --> 00:52:33,472
These guys were lying through

1519
00:52:33,507 --> 00:52:34,373
Their teeth when they were

1520
00:52:34,408 --> 00:52:36,075
Talking to us, and here it is

1521
00:52:36,109 --> 00:52:37,544
In black and white, there's no

1522
00:52:37,578 --> 00:52:39,913
Way of denying it!

1523
00:52:39,947 --> 00:52:40,713
>> man: The editors

1524
00:52:40,748 --> 00:52:42,348
Immediately understood that this

1525
00:52:42,382 --> 00:52:44,150
Thing was so sensitive and was

1526
00:52:44,184 --> 00:52:45,552
Going to have to be kept under

1527
00:52:45,586 --> 00:52:48,054
Wraps, and so they decided to

1528
00:52:48,088 --> 00:52:49,623
Move the whole thing out of

1529
00:52:49,657 --> 00:52:51,157
The new york times offices

1530
00:52:51,191 --> 00:52:53,609
And to go and rent a suite

1531
00:52:53,643 --> 00:52:55,811
At the hilton.

1532
00:52:55,846 --> 00:52:56,979
>> there were a lot of

1533
00:52:57,013 --> 00:52:58,214
Difficult, important decisions

1534
00:52:58,248 --> 00:53:00,483
To be made, and we needed to

1535
00:53:00,517 --> 00:53:02,318
Know the material in order to

1536
00:53:02,353 --> 00:53:03,653
Make those decisions, and that

1537
00:53:03,687 --> 00:53:04,787
Took time.

1538
00:53:04,822 --> 00:53:05,755
And ellsberg couldn't

1539
00:53:05,789 --> 00:53:07,557
Understand... [laughs]

1540
00:53:07,591 --> 00:53:08,625
Ellsberg was constantly

1541
00:53:08,659 --> 00:53:10,092
Pressing, he always wanted to

1542
00:53:10,127 --> 00:53:11,327
<i>Know: When was the times gonna</i>

1543
00:53:11,361 --> 00:53:11,928
Run this?

1544
00:53:11,962 --> 00:53:13,229
<i>Was the times really gonna</i>

1545
00:53:13,263 --> 00:53:13,963
Run this?

1546
00:53:13,998 --> 00:53:15,164
Was it really gonna be big?

1547
00:53:15,198 --> 00:53:16,900
When was it gonna happen?

1548
00:53:16,934 --> 00:53:18,434
>> as a source, I sort of

1549
00:53:18,468 --> 00:53:20,269
Thought of myself as being on

1550
00:53:20,303 --> 00:53:21,871
The team somehow, you know,

1551
00:53:21,906 --> 00:53:23,840
And that we were a joint first

1552
00:53:23,874 --> 00:53:26,175
Amendment, informing the public

1553
00:53:26,209 --> 00:53:27,844
Kind of mission and, uh,

1554
00:53:27,878 --> 00:53:30,046
You know, working together.

1555
00:53:30,080 --> 00:53:31,714
They clearly didn't think of me

1556
00:53:31,749 --> 00:53:33,215
In that way.

1557
00:53:33,551 --> 00:53:34,467
>> once somebody gave us

1558
00:53:34,501 --> 00:53:36,269
Material, it was our job to

1559
00:53:36,303 --> 00:53:38,104
Determine what to do with it,

1560
00:53:38,139 --> 00:53:40,206
How to play it, what to use,

1561
00:53:40,241 --> 00:53:41,875
Whether or not to use it.

1562
00:53:41,909 --> 00:53:54,354
[�...]

1563
00:53:54,388 --> 00:53:56,255
>> zinn: May '71,

1564
00:53:56,290 --> 00:53:58,224
There was a planned

1565
00:53:58,258 --> 00:53:59,859
Demonstration in washington

1566
00:53:59,893 --> 00:54:01,494
For people to commit acts of

1567
00:54:01,528 --> 00:54:02,495
Civil disobedience--

1568
00:54:02,529 --> 00:54:05,198
To block streets and to block

1569
00:54:05,232 --> 00:54:07,433
Bridges, to do everything

1570
00:54:07,468 --> 00:54:09,936
Possible to disrupt life in

1571
00:54:09,970 --> 00:54:12,138
Washington in order to

1572
00:54:12,173 --> 00:54:16,058
Demonstrate the anger against

1573
00:54:16,093 --> 00:54:18,127
The war.

1574
00:54:18,161 --> 00:54:19,662
In other words, the intensity of

1575
00:54:19,697 --> 00:54:22,766
Feeling about the war had grown.

1576
00:54:22,800 --> 00:54:24,934
So a number of us gathered in

1577
00:54:24,968 --> 00:54:26,235
My apartment.

1578
00:54:26,270 --> 00:54:27,837
Noam chomsky and dan ellsberg

1579
00:54:27,872 --> 00:54:30,172
And I, we went to washington

1580
00:54:30,207 --> 00:54:32,208
And we formed ourselves as an

1581
00:54:32,242 --> 00:54:33,643
Affinity group.

1582
00:54:33,677 --> 00:54:35,412
And dan ellsberg was, you might

1583
00:54:35,446 --> 00:54:37,146
Say, our squad leader.

1584
00:54:37,415 --> 00:54:39,098
He took command and he was

1585
00:54:39,132 --> 00:54:40,300
Telling us when to get up

1586
00:54:40,334 --> 00:54:41,967
And when to sit down and when to

1587
00:54:42,002 --> 00:54:43,836
Move and where to move, and

1588
00:54:43,870 --> 00:54:46,506
He was very decisive and we

1589
00:54:46,540 --> 00:54:49,008
Followed his orders.

1590
00:54:49,042 --> 00:54:51,077
Not exactly a democratic

1591
00:54:51,111 --> 00:54:51,777
Situation.

1592
00:54:51,812 --> 00:54:53,879
[siren wailing]

1593
00:54:53,914 --> 00:54:56,282
We would sit down in the middle

1594
00:54:56,317 --> 00:54:58,385
Of the street, tear gas would be

1595
00:54:58,419 --> 00:55:00,687
Lobbed in our direction and we

1596
00:55:00,721 --> 00:55:05,040
Would, uh, run... [laughs]

1597
00:55:05,075 --> 00:55:07,476
The national guard was out and

1598
00:55:07,511 --> 00:55:10,146
The 101st airborne had descended

1599
00:55:10,180 --> 00:55:11,747
On washington.

1600
00:55:11,781 --> 00:55:14,717
The level of anti-war activity

1601
00:55:14,752 --> 00:55:16,152
Had been raised.

1602
00:55:16,186 --> 00:55:24,878
[�...]

1603
00:55:24,912 --> 00:55:25,979
>> smith: Should we do it,

1604
00:55:26,013 --> 00:55:27,046
Shouldn't we do it?

1605
00:55:27,081 --> 00:55:28,481
And neil and I, after we got

1606
00:55:28,515 --> 00:55:29,949
A feel for what was in there,

1607
00:55:29,984 --> 00:55:31,818
Argued that we could go ahead;

1608
00:55:31,852 --> 00:55:33,319
That this would not jeopardize

1609
00:55:33,353 --> 00:55:34,754
National security and indeed it

1610
00:55:34,788 --> 00:55:36,022
Was a public service.

1611
00:55:36,056 --> 00:55:37,890
>> all I knew was they had

1612
00:55:37,924 --> 00:55:39,858
A bunch of classified papers.

1613
00:55:39,893 --> 00:55:41,461
And the question for me

1614
00:55:41,495 --> 00:55:42,661
As a lawyer is, "can you

1615
00:55:42,696 --> 00:55:43,929
Publish classified papers?"

1616
00:55:43,964 --> 00:55:47,149
The law here is the statute

1617
00:55:47,184 --> 00:55:48,651
Called the espionage act.

1618
00:55:48,686 --> 00:55:50,186
And if you read it and

1619
00:55:50,220 --> 00:55:51,887
Stretched it and pushed it,

1620
00:55:51,921 --> 00:55:53,856
It was possible to apply it

1621
00:55:53,890 --> 00:55:55,158
To the publication of the

1622
00:55:55,192 --> 00:55:57,443
Pentagon papers.

1623
00:55:57,477 --> 00:55:58,277
>> smith: Now, we're sitting

1624
00:55:58,311 --> 00:55:59,579
There down in the engine room

1625
00:55:59,613 --> 00:56:01,246
Doing the work, we're not up at

1626
00:56:01,281 --> 00:56:02,481
The corporate hierarchy, but

1627
00:56:02,515 --> 00:56:04,367
We're hearing, we're hearing the

1628
00:56:04,401 --> 00:56:06,435
Battles going on up there, and

1629
00:56:06,470 --> 00:56:08,237
We hear that, of course the news

1630
00:56:08,271 --> 00:56:09,405
Comes to us because we're

1631
00:56:09,439 --> 00:56:11,073
At risk too, that the law firm

1632
00:56:11,108 --> 00:56:12,642
<i>The times had used for decades</i>

1633
00:56:12,676 --> 00:56:14,460
Said, "don't publish, and by

1634
00:56:14,494 --> 00:56:15,561
The way, you're all violating

1635
00:56:15,596 --> 00:56:16,596
The espionage act and you're

1636
00:56:16,630 --> 00:56:17,696
Gonna go to jail."

1637
00:56:17,731 --> 00:56:19,898
Believe me, we heard that.

1638
00:56:20,134 --> 00:56:22,168
And happily, jim goodale,

1639
00:56:22,202 --> 00:56:24,170
<i>As the times' in-house attorney,</i>

1640
00:56:24,204 --> 00:56:25,905
Took a different position.

1641
00:56:25,940 --> 00:56:27,840
<i>>> the risk that the new york</i>

1642
00:56:27,874 --> 00:56:30,476
<i>Times took was a life-and-death</i>

1643
00:56:30,511 --> 00:56:32,378
Risk of an institution.

1644
00:56:32,413 --> 00:56:34,180
And I don't mean the 5,000

1645
00:56:34,214 --> 00:56:35,714
<i>People who worked for the times.</i>

1646
00:56:35,749 --> 00:56:37,967
<i>I mean, the leader</i>

1647
00:56:38,001 --> 00:56:39,702
<i>Of the institutional press</i>

1648
00:56:39,736 --> 00:56:40,937
<i>In a free country.</i>

1649
00:56:40,971 --> 00:56:43,022
<i>>> lurking in the backs of our</i>

1650
00:56:43,056 --> 00:56:45,525
<i>Minds was the fact that, um,</i>

1651
00:56:45,559 --> 00:56:48,094
<i>We would never survive, uh,</i>

1652
00:56:48,128 --> 00:56:50,563
<i>Just suppressing this material,</i>

1653
00:56:50,598 --> 00:56:51,798
<i>That, sooner or later,</i>

1654
00:56:51,832 --> 00:56:53,766
<i>It would be known that we had it</i>

1655
00:56:53,801 --> 00:56:55,334
<i>And that we had flinched and</i>

1656
00:56:55,369 --> 00:56:56,769
<i>That we had not published it,</i>

1657
00:56:56,804 --> 00:56:58,337
<i>And that that would have been</i>

1658
00:56:58,372 --> 00:56:59,739
<i>Such a disgrace.</i>

1659
00:56:59,773 --> 00:57:01,657
<i>>> and we heard the publisher</i>

1660
00:57:01,691 --> 00:57:02,959
<i>Wavered back and forth and then</i>

1661
00:57:02,993 --> 00:57:05,128
<i>Finally, about 10 days,</i>

1662
00:57:05,162 --> 00:57:06,562
<i>While we're gearing up</i>

1663
00:57:06,596 --> 00:57:07,797
<i>This enormous... What are we</i>

1664
00:57:07,831 --> 00:57:09,098
<i>Publishing, gone with the wind</i>

1665
00:57:09,133 --> 00:57:10,699
<i>Three times over in 10 days?</i>

1666
00:57:10,734 --> 00:57:12,685
<i>I mean, this was a huge project.</i>

1667
00:57:12,719 --> 00:57:14,820
<i>Um, we finally hear the</i>

1668
00:57:14,855 --> 00:57:16,122
<i>Publisher had signed off and was</i>

1669
00:57:16,156 --> 00:57:17,423
<i>Gonna agree to do it.</i>

1670
00:57:17,458 --> 00:57:19,825
<i>And I remember that jimmy</i>

1671
00:57:19,860 --> 00:57:20,993
<i>Greenfield told us he was</i>

1672
00:57:21,027 --> 00:57:22,928
<i>Taking the publisher golfing</i>

1673
00:57:22,962 --> 00:57:25,798
<i>On Saturday, which was the</i>

1674
00:57:25,832 --> 00:57:27,400
<i>Day the presses ran,</i>

1675
00:57:27,434 --> 00:57:28,668
<i>To make sure the publisher</i>

1676
00:57:28,702 --> 00:57:30,820
<i>Didn't change his mind.</i>

1677
00:57:30,854 --> 00:57:31,988
<i>>> zinn: I guess it was</i>

1678
00:57:32,022 --> 00:57:33,356
<i>A Saturday night.</i>

1679
00:57:33,390 --> 00:57:34,857
<i>The four of us, dan and pat</i>

1680
00:57:34,891 --> 00:57:36,692
<i>Ellsberg and my wife, decided</i>

1681
00:57:36,726 --> 00:57:38,394
<i>We'd go to the movies to see a</i>

1682
00:57:38,429 --> 00:57:39,462
<i>Movie that dan ellsberg, I</i>

1683
00:57:39,496 --> 00:57:41,064
<i>Think, had seen seven times and</i>

1684
00:57:41,098 --> 00:57:42,782
<i>Wanted to see again: Butch</i>

1685
00:57:42,816 --> 00:57:45,384
<i>Cassidy and the sundance kid.</i>

1686
00:57:45,418 --> 00:57:47,119
<i>I could see that dan was</i>

1687
00:57:47,154 --> 00:57:49,188
<i>Agitated in some way</i>

1688
00:57:49,222 --> 00:57:50,990
<i>And I asked him what was going</i>

1689
00:57:51,024 --> 00:57:53,759
<i>On and he said he had called a</i>

1690
00:57:53,793 --> 00:57:55,828
<i>Friend on the new york times and</i>

1691
00:57:55,863 --> 00:57:57,263
This friend of his said, "well,

1692
00:57:57,297 --> 00:57:59,098
I can't talk to you now, the

1693
00:57:59,132 --> 00:58:01,450
Times building is encircled by

1694
00:58:01,484 --> 00:58:03,819
Armed guards and the printing

1695
00:58:03,854 --> 00:58:06,889
Presses are rolling and we are

1696
00:58:06,923 --> 00:58:09,458
Printing tomorrow a top secret

1697
00:58:09,492 --> 00:58:11,127
Government document."

1698
00:58:11,161 --> 00:58:16,999
[�...]

1699
00:58:17,034 --> 00:58:19,168
>> this weekend, portions

1700
00:58:19,202 --> 00:58:20,269
Of a highly classified

1701
00:58:20,303 --> 00:58:22,171
Pentagon document came to light

1702
00:58:22,205 --> 00:58:23,639
For all the world to see

1703
00:58:23,674 --> 00:58:25,141
And brought cries of outrage

1704
00:58:25,175 --> 00:58:26,275
From washington.

1705
00:58:26,309 --> 00:58:27,943
>> the pentagon papers make it

1706
00:58:27,978 --> 00:58:29,645
Abundantly clear how little the

1707
00:58:29,680 --> 00:58:31,480
Public knew of what was going on

1708
00:58:31,514 --> 00:58:32,882
Behind the scenes during...

1709
00:58:32,916 --> 00:58:34,383
>> its main effect is to refute

1710
00:58:34,417 --> 00:58:35,584
The notion that we stumbled

1711
00:58:35,618 --> 00:58:36,852
Into the war...

1712
00:58:36,887 --> 00:58:37,787
>> at the white house,

1713
00:58:37,821 --> 00:58:39,121
A spokesman said president nixon

1714
00:58:39,156 --> 00:58:40,690
Got his first look at the secret

1715
00:58:40,724 --> 00:58:42,224
Report when a copy was

1716
00:58:42,258 --> 00:58:43,993
Delivered to him today.

1717
00:58:44,027 --> 00:58:44,994
>> alexander haig on tape: This,

1718
00:58:45,028 --> 00:58:46,528
<i>Uh, goddamn new york times</i>

1719
00:58:46,563 --> 00:58:48,397
<i>Expos� of the most highly</i>

1720
00:58:48,431 --> 00:58:50,166
<i>Classified documents of the war.</i>

1721
00:58:50,200 --> 00:58:51,233
<i>>> nixon: You mean that, that</i>

1722
00:58:51,267 --> 00:58:52,434
<i>Was leaked out of the pentagon?</i>

1723
00:58:52,468 --> 00:58:53,535
<i>>> haig: Sir, this is a</i>

1724
00:58:53,570 --> 00:58:54,904
<i>Devastating security breach of</i>

1725
00:58:54,938 --> 00:58:56,205
<i>The greatest magnitude of</i>

1726
00:58:56,239 --> 00:58:57,506
<i>Anything I've ever seen.</i>

1727
00:58:57,540 --> 00:58:59,008
<i>>> nixon: Well, did we know this</i>

1728
00:58:59,042 --> 00:58:59,975
<i>Was coming out?</i>

1729
00:59:00,010 --> 00:59:01,177
<i>>> haig: No, we did not, sir.</i>

1730
00:59:01,211 --> 00:59:02,178
<i>>> nixon: I'd just start right</i>

1731
00:59:02,212 --> 00:59:03,645
<i>At the top and fire some people.</i>

1732
00:59:03,680 --> 00:59:04,580
<i>I mean, whatever department</i>

1733
00:59:04,614 --> 00:59:06,015
<i>It came out of, I'd fire</i>

1734
00:59:06,049 --> 00:59:06,816
<i>The top guy.</i>

1735
00:59:06,850 --> 00:59:08,951
<i>>> mccloskey: The first issue</i>

1736
00:59:08,986 --> 00:59:11,420
<i>They ran had a paragraph from</i>

1737
00:59:11,454 --> 00:59:12,721
<i>The assistant secretary of</i>

1738
00:59:12,756 --> 00:59:14,991
<i>Defense to secretary mcnamara.</i>

1739
00:59:15,025 --> 00:59:18,126
<i>I can almost tell it by memory:</i>

1740
00:59:18,161 --> 00:59:21,530
<i>"we're in vietnam 10% to help</i>

1741
00:59:21,565 --> 00:59:23,632
<i>The south vietnamese, 20% to</i>

1742
00:59:23,667 --> 00:59:26,502
<i>Hold back the chinese, and 70%</i>

1743
00:59:26,536 --> 00:59:27,770
<i>To save american face."</i>

1744
00:59:27,804 --> 00:59:30,873
<i>Well, every woman in america</i>

1745
00:59:30,907 --> 00:59:32,107
<i>That had a boyfriend or a</i>

1746
00:59:32,141 --> 00:59:33,141
<i>Husband, they could take it</i>

1747
00:59:33,176 --> 00:59:34,443
<i>If we were defending the south</i>

1748
00:59:34,478 --> 00:59:36,311
<i>Vietnamese, but to learn we're</i>

1749
00:59:36,346 --> 00:59:38,347
<i>Just trying to save face, that</i>

1750
00:59:38,382 --> 00:59:41,183
<i>Is a thing that angers you.</i>

1751
00:59:41,217 --> 00:59:43,185
<i>[�...]</i>

1752
00:59:43,219 --> 00:59:44,019
<i>>> goodale: Monday was</i>

1753
00:59:44,053 --> 00:59:45,187
<i>A very interesting day.</i>

1754
00:59:45,221 --> 00:59:46,589
<i>I came back to the new york</i>

1755
00:59:46,623 --> 00:59:48,156
<i>Times, hustled on the elevator,</i>

1756
00:59:48,191 --> 00:59:49,242
Went up to the top

1757
00:59:49,276 --> 00:59:50,776
Executive floor.

1758
00:59:50,810 --> 00:59:52,044
There was the biggest

1759
00:59:52,078 --> 00:59:52,911
Shouting argument

1760
00:59:52,946 --> 00:59:54,413
I ever heard in my life.

1761
00:59:54,448 --> 00:59:56,516
A telegram had come

1762
00:59:56,550 --> 00:59:58,050
From john mitchell,

1763
00:59:58,084 --> 01:00:00,019
Nixon's attorney general.

1764
01:00:00,053 --> 01:00:01,621
The telegram said, "we want you

1765
01:00:01,655 --> 01:00:04,723
To stop publication immediately,

1766
01:00:04,758 --> 01:00:05,958
And if you don't we're gonna

1767
01:00:05,992 --> 01:00:08,261
Take appropriate action."

1768
01:00:08,295 --> 01:00:09,662
I mean, what in god's name

1769
01:00:09,696 --> 01:00:11,264
Have we been fighting for in

1770
01:00:11,298 --> 01:00:13,232
This country for two or three

1771
01:00:13,267 --> 01:00:15,568
Hundred years to have the right

1772
01:00:15,602 --> 01:00:16,802
To speak and the right to

1773
01:00:16,836 --> 01:00:18,804
Publish, the right to think,

1774
01:00:18,838 --> 01:00:20,339
Against a threat by the

1775
01:00:20,374 --> 01:00:21,474
Government, if all we're gonna

1776
01:00:21,508 --> 01:00:23,108
Do is give it all up because

1777
01:00:23,143 --> 01:00:24,143
Someone sends you a telegram?

1778
01:00:40,661 --> 01:00:41,644
>> newscaster: A federal court

1779
01:00:41,678 --> 01:00:43,179
<i>Has ordered the new york times</i>

1780
01:00:43,213 --> 01:00:45,314
<i>To stop publication temporarily.</i>

1781
01:00:45,349 --> 01:00:47,216
<i>The government asked for and got</i>

1782
01:00:47,251 --> 01:00:49,785
<i>An injunction against the times.</i>

1783
01:00:49,819 --> 01:00:51,654
<i>>> goodale: Before the nixon</i>

1784
01:00:51,688 --> 01:00:53,055
<i>Administration enjoined the new</i>

1785
01:00:53,089 --> 01:00:54,974
<i>York times, there had never</i>

1786
01:00:55,008 --> 01:00:57,309
Been another injunction brought

1787
01:00:57,343 --> 01:00:59,178
Against a media company

1788
01:00:59,212 --> 01:01:00,746
In a federal court.

1789
01:01:00,781 --> 01:01:02,748
>> cronkite: A name has now come

1790
01:01:02,783 --> 01:01:04,316
Out as the possible source of

1791
01:01:04,350 --> 01:01:06,318
<i>The times' pentagon documents.</i>

1792
01:01:06,352 --> 01:01:08,054
It is that of daniel ellsberg,

1793
01:01:08,088 --> 01:01:10,222
40 years old, one-time marine,

1794
01:01:10,256 --> 01:01:11,791
Later a top policy analyst

1795
01:01:11,825 --> 01:01:12,892
For the defense and state

1796
01:01:12,926 --> 01:01:14,026
Departments during the

1797
01:01:14,061 --> 01:01:15,227
Vietnam buildup.

1798
01:01:15,261 --> 01:01:16,228
>> newscaster: There was no sign

1799
01:01:16,263 --> 01:01:17,796
Of professor ellsberg or his

1800
01:01:17,830 --> 01:01:19,231
Family at their home in

1801
01:01:19,266 --> 01:01:20,466
Cambridge, massachusetts.

1802
01:01:20,500 --> 01:01:21,767
>> patricia: And we're looking

1803
01:01:21,801 --> 01:01:23,969
On the television morning news,

1804
01:01:24,003 --> 01:01:26,505
And we notice that the f.B.I.

1805
01:01:26,540 --> 01:01:29,525
Is at our little apartment

1806
01:01:29,559 --> 01:01:31,460
In cambridge and we say,

1807
01:01:31,495 --> 01:01:32,795
"we can't go back."

1808
01:01:32,829 --> 01:01:34,597
We go to a motel for a couple

1809
01:01:34,631 --> 01:01:35,698
Of nights, under false names.

1810
01:01:35,732 --> 01:01:36,933
We don't have any clothes,

1811
01:01:36,967 --> 01:01:38,367
We don't have a toothbrush,

1812
01:01:38,401 --> 01:01:39,802
We don't have anything.

1813
01:01:39,837 --> 01:01:40,803
>> zinn: He knew they'd be

1814
01:01:40,838 --> 01:01:41,770
Looking for him.

1815
01:01:41,805 --> 01:01:42,721
He knew they'd be looking to

1816
01:01:42,755 --> 01:01:44,356
Arrest him, and he wanted to

1817
01:01:44,391 --> 01:01:47,359
Have an opportunity to give

1818
01:01:47,394 --> 01:01:50,062
The papers to more newspapers.

1819
01:01:50,097 --> 01:01:52,364
>> man: I came out of a 3:00

1820
01:01:52,399 --> 01:01:54,233
<i>Meeting the day after the times</i>

1821
01:01:54,268 --> 01:01:56,969
<i>Had been enjoined and my deputy</i>

1822
01:01:57,003 --> 01:01:57,936
<i>Said, "maybe you better</i>

1823
01:01:57,971 --> 01:02:00,038
<i>Look at this."</i>

1824
01:02:00,073 --> 01:02:02,324
<i>I dialed a number and a voice</i>

1825
01:02:02,359 --> 01:02:04,826
<i>Said, "if I can get you what you</i>

1826
01:02:04,861 --> 01:02:08,531
<i>Want, will you print them?"</i>

1827
01:02:08,565 --> 01:02:10,933
<i>Uh, I said, "damn well</i>

1828
01:02:10,967 --> 01:02:11,967
<i>We'll print them."</i>

1829
01:02:12,001 --> 01:02:13,118
<i>>> newscaster: The post picked</i>

1830
01:02:13,153 --> 01:02:14,720
<i>Up the pentagon story where the</i>

1831
01:02:14,755 --> 01:02:16,589
<i>Times left off but was ordered</i>

1832
01:02:16,623 --> 01:02:17,923
<i>To halt its publication</i>

1833
01:02:17,957 --> 01:02:19,124
Of the material in a court

1834
01:02:19,159 --> 01:02:21,294
Ruling last night.

1835
01:02:21,328 --> 01:02:22,261
>> ellsberg narrating: There was

1836
01:02:22,296 --> 01:02:23,862
<i>No way of knowing when the new</i>

1837
01:02:23,897 --> 01:02:25,431
<i>York times and washington post</i>

1838
01:02:25,465 --> 01:02:26,699
<i>Could resume publication</i>

1839
01:02:26,733 --> 01:02:29,234
<i>Of the papers, if at all.</i>

1840
01:02:29,269 --> 01:02:30,770
<i>This could be the end,</i>

1841
01:02:30,804 --> 01:02:32,237
<i>Unless other newspapers were</i>

1842
01:02:32,272 --> 01:02:36,275
<i>Willing to defy the government.</i>

1843
01:02:36,309 --> 01:02:37,542
<i>I had heard that senator</i>

1844
01:02:37,577 --> 01:02:38,978
<i>Mike gravel would do</i>

1845
01:02:39,012 --> 01:02:39,878
<i>A daily filibuster</i>

1846
01:02:39,913 --> 01:02:42,298
<i>Until the draft expired.</i>

1847
01:02:42,332 --> 01:02:43,665
<i>>> I'm just chugging along</i>

1848
01:02:43,700 --> 01:02:45,000
<i>With my filibuster and I get</i>

1849
01:02:45,035 --> 01:02:46,936
<i>A phone call, and I don't know</i>

1850
01:02:46,970 --> 01:02:47,970
<i>Who it is.</i>

1851
01:02:48,004 --> 01:02:48,871
<i>He says immediately,</i>

1852
01:02:48,905 --> 01:02:50,139
<i>"is this senator gravel?"</i>

1853
01:02:50,173 --> 01:02:51,607
<i>I say, "yes, it is."</i>

1854
01:02:51,641 --> 01:02:52,641
<i>He says, "would you read</i>

1855
01:02:52,675 --> 01:02:53,876
<i>The pentagon papers as part</i>

1856
01:02:53,910 --> 01:02:54,744
<i>Of your filibuster?"</i>

1857
01:02:54,778 --> 01:02:55,611
<i>I said, "yes.</i>

1858
01:02:55,645 --> 01:02:56,812
<i>Now please hang up."</i>

1859
01:02:56,847 --> 01:02:58,547
<i>>> as I put it to him over the</i>

1860
01:02:58,581 --> 01:03:00,283
<i>Phone, "if you're really gonna</i>

1861
01:03:00,317 --> 01:03:02,218
<i>Do a filibuster, I can give you</i>

1862
01:03:02,252 --> 01:03:03,886
<i>Material that'll keep you busy</i>

1863
01:03:03,921 --> 01:03:05,621
<i>Reading until christmas."</i>

1864
01:03:05,655 --> 01:03:06,855
<i>>> the person who physically</i>

1865
01:03:06,890 --> 01:03:07,757
<i>Gave me the papers</i>

1866
01:03:07,791 --> 01:03:09,024
<i>Was ben bagdikian.</i>

1867
01:03:09,058 --> 01:03:09,925
<i>He was the editor</i>

1868
01:03:09,959 --> 01:03:11,260
<i>At the washington post.</i>

1869
01:03:11,295 --> 01:03:13,529
<i>>> he's a junior senator and</i>

1870
01:03:13,563 --> 01:03:15,298
<i>He's from alaska, and that</i>

1871
01:03:15,332 --> 01:03:17,199
<i>Doesn't carry much weight.</i>

1872
01:03:17,233 --> 01:03:20,736
<i>So he was, I think, chair of the</i>

1873
01:03:20,771 --> 01:03:23,372
<i>Building and grounds committee.</i>

1874
01:03:23,407 --> 01:03:25,808
<i>>> gravel: So we meet and I want</i>

1875
01:03:25,842 --> 01:03:26,942
<i>To be a little secretive,</i>

1876
01:03:26,976 --> 01:03:28,110
<i>So we're meeting outside the</i>

1877
01:03:28,144 --> 01:03:29,612
<i>Senate chambers in the columns</i>

1878
01:03:29,646 --> 01:03:31,013
<i>Next to the capitol.</i>

1879
01:03:31,047 --> 01:03:32,247
<i>Lo and behold, bob dole</i>

1880
01:03:32,282 --> 01:03:33,749
<i>Comes up, and dole sees me</i>

1881
01:03:33,784 --> 01:03:34,950
<i>And he has something to say</i>

1882
01:03:34,984 --> 01:03:36,185
<i>To me, so he comes over.</i>

1883
01:03:36,219 --> 01:03:37,520
<i>So ben slips behind the column</i>

1884
01:03:37,554 --> 01:03:39,188
<i>And I try to dismiss dole</i>

1885
01:03:39,222 --> 01:03:40,222
<i>Real quick.</i>

1886
01:03:40,256 --> 01:03:41,624
<i>And then I go back to ben.</i>

1887
01:03:41,658 --> 01:03:43,192
<i>He's gonna get the papers to me</i>

1888
01:03:43,226 --> 01:03:45,328
<i>In some faraway dark corner of</i>

1889
01:03:45,362 --> 01:03:46,495
<i>Maybe rock creek park.</i>

1890
01:03:46,530 --> 01:03:48,063
<i>I say, "ben, that's not the way</i>

1891
01:03:48,097 --> 01:03:49,264
<i>We're gonna do it.</i>

1892
01:03:49,299 --> 01:03:50,866
<i>At midnight..." [bell dings]</i>

1893
01:03:50,900 --> 01:03:52,067
<i>"under the marquee of the</i>

1894
01:03:52,101 --> 01:03:54,670
<i>Mayflower hotel, you will park</i>

1895
01:03:54,705 --> 01:03:57,072
<i>Your car there, I will come up</i>

1896
01:03:57,106 --> 01:04:00,042
<i>Next with my car, I'll get out,</i>

1897
01:04:00,076 --> 01:04:01,477
<i>You open the trunk of your car,</i>

1898
01:04:01,511 --> 01:04:02,545
<i>And I'll open the trunk</i>

1899
01:04:02,579 --> 01:04:03,779
<i>Of my car."</i>

1900
01:04:03,814 --> 01:04:05,748
<i>>> bagdikian: I drive down in my</i>

1901
01:04:05,782 --> 01:04:08,083
<i>Karmann ghia and he's got a</i>

1902
01:04:08,117 --> 01:04:09,318
<i>Couple of aides there and I</i>

1903
01:04:09,353 --> 01:04:10,586
<i>Said, "this is heavy, you may</i>

1904
01:04:10,620 --> 01:04:12,588
<i>Want your aides to carry it."</i>

1905
01:04:12,622 --> 01:04:14,957
<i>He said, "no, I have immunity</i>

1906
01:04:14,991 --> 01:04:16,258
<i>And they don't."</i>

1907
01:04:16,292 --> 01:04:17,159
<i>>> gravel: We transfer the</i>

1908
01:04:17,193 --> 01:04:18,794
<i>Papers to me just like that</i>

1909
01:04:18,829 --> 01:04:20,996
<i>In seconds and I speed away.</i>

1910
01:04:21,030 --> 01:04:23,733
<i>[�...]</i>

1911
01:04:23,767 --> 01:04:24,667
<i>>> ellsberg narrating: While I</i>

1912
01:04:24,701 --> 01:04:25,801
<i>Was still underground,</i>

1913
01:04:25,836 --> 01:04:27,336
<i>I was contacted by the most</i>

1914
01:04:27,371 --> 01:04:30,038
<i>Trusted man in america.</i>

1915
01:04:30,073 --> 01:04:31,440
<i>>> cronkite: Good evening.</i>

1916
01:04:31,475 --> 01:04:33,141
<i>Daniel ellsberg, a former</i>

1917
01:04:33,176 --> 01:04:34,577
<i>State department and pentagon</i>

1918
01:04:34,611 --> 01:04:36,111
<i>Planner and of late something</i>

1919
01:04:36,145 --> 01:04:37,980
<i>Of a phantom figure, agreed</i>

1920
01:04:38,014 --> 01:04:39,248
<i>Today to be interviewed</i>

1921
01:04:39,282 --> 01:04:40,649
<i>At a secret location.</i>

1922
01:04:40,684 --> 01:04:42,418
<i>I asked him what he considers</i>

1923
01:04:42,452 --> 01:04:44,553
<i>The most important revelations</i>

1924
01:04:44,588 --> 01:04:45,888
<i>To date from the pentagon</i>

1925
01:04:45,922 --> 01:04:47,623
<i>Documents.</i>

1926
01:04:47,657 --> 01:04:48,991
<i>>> I think the lesson is that</i>

1927
01:04:49,025 --> 01:04:50,926
<i>The people of this country can't</i>

1928
01:04:50,960 --> 01:04:52,194
<i>Afford to let the president run</i>

1929
01:04:52,228 --> 01:04:55,130
<i>The country by himself without</i>

1930
01:04:55,164 --> 01:04:56,499
<i>The help of the congress,</i>

1931
01:04:56,533 --> 01:04:58,634
<i>Without the help of the public.</i>

1932
01:04:58,668 --> 01:04:59,668
<i>>> dan does this interview,</i>

1933
01:04:59,703 --> 01:05:00,870
<i>Which comes out on cbs</i>

1934
01:05:00,904 --> 01:05:03,639
<i>Nationwide television as the</i>

1935
01:05:03,673 --> 01:05:05,841
<i>Biggest f.B.I. Manhunt since</i>

1936
01:05:05,876 --> 01:05:07,175
<i>The lindbergh kidnapping</i>

1937
01:05:07,210 --> 01:05:09,445
<i>Is going on looking for us.</i>

1938
01:05:09,479 --> 01:05:11,763
<i>But we still hadn't given out</i>

1939
01:05:11,797 --> 01:05:13,632
<i>Enough of the papers.</i>

1940
01:05:13,666 --> 01:05:15,100
<i>>> harry reasoner: Today another</i>

1941
01:05:15,135 --> 01:05:16,901
<i>Lid broke loose.</i>

1942
01:05:16,936 --> 01:05:18,420
<i>The boston globe began</i>

1943
01:05:18,455 --> 01:05:19,688
Its series based on

1944
01:05:19,722 --> 01:05:20,822
Presumably classified

1945
01:05:20,856 --> 01:05:21,890
Government documents.

1946
01:05:21,924 --> 01:05:22,758
<i>>> john chancellor: The chicago</i>

1947
01:05:22,792 --> 01:05:23,726
<i>Sun-times entered the drama</i>

1948
01:05:23,760 --> 01:05:25,394
Today by running a story

1949
01:05:25,428 --> 01:05:26,595
Which says that the kennedy

1950
01:05:26,629 --> 01:05:27,562
Administration...

1951
01:05:27,597 --> 01:05:28,847
>> today, the 11 knight

1952
01:05:28,882 --> 01:05:30,282
<i>Newspapers and the los angeles</i>

1953
01:05:30,317 --> 01:05:32,751
<i>Times joined the procession...</i>

1954
01:05:32,785 --> 01:05:34,035
>> the ballgame was over.

1955
01:05:34,070 --> 01:05:35,871
Any effort at suppressing the

1956
01:05:35,905 --> 01:05:38,807
Pentagon papers was gonna fail.

1957
01:05:38,841 --> 01:05:40,759
Dan and his network had

1958
01:05:40,794 --> 01:05:42,661
Distributed portions of the

1959
01:05:42,696 --> 01:05:44,796
Pentagon papers to 17

1960
01:05:44,831 --> 01:05:46,465
Different organizations.

1961
01:05:46,499 --> 01:05:47,399
>> ellsberg interviewed: They

1962
01:05:47,433 --> 01:05:48,334
Couldn't stop them.

1963
01:05:48,368 --> 01:05:49,801
As one of the lawyers said,

1964
01:05:49,836 --> 01:05:53,538
"it was like herding bees."

1965
01:05:53,573 --> 01:05:54,539
>> smith: The press said, "we

1966
01:05:54,574 --> 01:05:56,175
Can look at this, we can make a

1967
01:05:56,209 --> 01:05:57,877
Valid judgment about what serves

1968
01:05:57,911 --> 01:05:59,912
National security and we can be

1969
01:05:59,946 --> 01:06:01,480
And we will be independent

1970
01:06:01,514 --> 01:06:03,015
From our government."

1971
01:06:03,049 --> 01:06:04,683
And that was a declaration

1972
01:06:04,717 --> 01:06:05,951
Of independence and it

1973
01:06:05,985 --> 01:06:08,304
Really changed the relationship

1974
01:06:08,338 --> 01:06:10,005
Between the government

1975
01:06:10,039 --> 01:06:11,273
And the media ever since.

1976
01:06:11,307 --> 01:06:15,227
[�...]

1977
01:06:15,262 --> 01:06:16,462
>> patricia: The pentagon papers

1978
01:06:16,496 --> 01:06:19,581
Story was on the nightly news

1979
01:06:19,783 --> 01:06:21,617
The first seven or eight minutes

1980
01:06:21,651 --> 01:06:24,102
Of the nightly news every night

1981
01:06:24,136 --> 01:06:25,604
For two weeks.

1982
01:06:25,638 --> 01:06:26,921
>> so that gave it as much

1983
01:06:26,956 --> 01:06:28,257
Public attention as I could

1984
01:06:28,291 --> 01:06:29,391
Possibly have asked for.

1985
01:06:29,425 --> 01:06:30,092
>> we were underground,

1986
01:06:30,126 --> 01:06:31,593
So we were able to watch

1987
01:06:31,627 --> 01:06:33,895
The news day and night.

1988
01:06:33,930 --> 01:06:35,630
And this thing was unfolding

1989
01:06:35,665 --> 01:06:37,466
In the most dramatic way.

1990
01:06:37,500 --> 01:06:39,301
>> alaska's 41-year-old

1991
01:06:39,335 --> 01:06:41,236
Democratic senator mike gravel

1992
01:06:41,271 --> 01:06:42,638
Held a mock meeting of his

1993
01:06:42,672 --> 01:06:44,273
Sub-committee on buildings and

1994
01:06:44,307 --> 01:06:45,541
Grounds with only himself

1995
01:06:45,575 --> 01:06:47,593
Present and began reading aloud

1996
01:06:47,627 --> 01:06:49,428
The 7,000-page pentagon

1997
01:06:49,462 --> 01:06:51,296
Secret report in public.

1998
01:06:51,330 --> 01:06:53,965
>> the papers prove that for

1999
01:06:54,000 --> 01:06:57,569
20 years, we have been victims

2000
01:06:57,604 --> 01:07:01,440
Of our southeast asia policy.

2001
01:07:01,474 --> 01:07:02,741
...I was frightened to death

2002
01:07:02,776 --> 01:07:03,792
Over releasing the

2003
01:07:03,827 --> 01:07:04,827
Pentagon papers.

2004
01:07:04,861 --> 01:07:06,228
I had no idea whether I was

2005
01:07:06,262 --> 01:07:07,196
Going to prison.

2006
01:07:07,230 --> 01:07:08,430
All I could think of was,

2007
01:07:08,464 --> 01:07:09,764
"my country's killing people,

2008
01:07:09,799 --> 01:07:11,466
We're maiming americans, and

2009
01:07:11,500 --> 01:07:14,369
This is terrible," and so I was

2010
01:07:14,403 --> 01:07:16,271
Overcome with emotion.

2011
01:07:16,306 --> 01:07:19,007
Not patriotism, just emotion

2012
01:07:19,042 --> 01:07:20,775
Of something you love dearly

2013
01:07:20,810 --> 01:07:21,877
That has gone astray.

2014
01:07:21,911 --> 01:07:23,212
>> howard k. Smith: He continued

2015
01:07:23,246 --> 01:07:24,713
Until exhaustion and emotion

2016
01:07:24,747 --> 01:07:26,481
Overcame him after 1:00

2017
01:07:26,515 --> 01:07:27,983
This morning.

2018
01:07:28,017 --> 01:07:28,884
>> gravel: I collected myself

2019
01:07:28,918 --> 01:07:30,418
And I asked-- now keep in mind,

2020
01:07:30,453 --> 01:07:31,753
I'm the only one on the

2021
01:07:31,787 --> 01:07:33,088
Committee-- I asked unanimous

2022
01:07:33,122 --> 01:07:34,990
Consent to put all these papers

2023
01:07:35,024 --> 01:07:36,591
Into the record, and I've got

2024
01:07:36,625 --> 01:07:38,160
The gavel and I slam it

2025
01:07:38,194 --> 01:07:39,194
And I say, "hearing no

2026
01:07:39,229 --> 01:07:40,362
Objections, so ordered,"

2027
01:07:40,396 --> 01:07:41,663
That's it, papers are out,

2028
01:07:41,697 --> 01:07:44,366
They're in the senate record.

2029
01:07:44,400 --> 01:07:48,186
[reporters shouting...]

2030
01:07:48,221 --> 01:07:49,054
>> newscaster: Even if the

2031
01:07:49,089 --> 01:07:50,756
F.B.I. Had wanted to arrest him

2032
01:07:50,790 --> 01:07:51,657
Outside the courthouse this

2033
01:07:51,691 --> 01:07:52,624
Morning, they probably couldn't

2034
01:07:52,659 --> 01:07:53,558
Have done it.

2035
01:07:53,593 --> 01:07:54,993
Ellsberg was walled off by

2036
01:07:55,027 --> 01:07:56,895
Newsmen and supporters as he

2037
01:07:56,929 --> 01:07:58,630
Admitted that he was indeed the

2038
01:07:58,664 --> 01:07:59,798
Man who brought the pentagon

2039
01:07:59,832 --> 01:08:01,166
Papers to the press and

2040
01:08:01,200 --> 01:08:02,351
Congressional leaders.

2041
01:08:02,385 --> 01:08:04,986
>> I did this, clearly,

2042
01:08:05,021 --> 01:08:07,289
At my own jeopardy and I am

2043
01:08:07,324 --> 01:08:09,592
Prepared to answer to all the

2044
01:08:09,626 --> 01:08:19,968
Consequences of these decisions.

2045
01:08:20,002 --> 01:08:38,654
[�...]

2046
01:08:38,688 --> 01:08:40,489
>> chancellor: In one of the

2047
01:08:40,523 --> 01:08:41,923
Most important judicial

2048
01:08:41,958 --> 01:08:43,525
Decisions in the history of the

2049
01:08:43,560 --> 01:08:45,377
Country, the supreme court today

2050
01:08:45,411 --> 01:08:46,879
<i>Ruled that the new york times</i>

2051
01:08:46,913 --> 01:08:48,246
<i>And the washington post</i>

2052
01:08:48,281 --> 01:08:49,514
<i>May continue to publish</i>

2053
01:08:49,549 --> 01:08:51,150
<i>The secret pentagon papers.</i>

2054
01:08:51,184 --> 01:08:52,284
<i>>> daniel schorr: The ruling</i>

2055
01:08:52,318 --> 01:08:53,686
<i>Was amazingly simple.</i>

2056
01:08:53,720 --> 01:08:55,087
<i>It was that proving the need for</i>

2057
01:08:55,121 --> 01:08:56,589
<i>Prior censorship is a heavy</i>

2058
01:08:56,623 --> 01:08:58,224
<i>Burden and the government didn't</i>

2059
01:08:58,258 --> 01:08:59,592
<i>Meet that burden.</i>

2060
01:08:59,626 --> 01:09:00,292
<i>>> ellsberg: The decision</i>

2061
01:09:00,327 --> 01:09:01,393
<i>Was a great one.</i>

2062
01:09:01,428 --> 01:09:02,428
<i>The story today is what</i>

2063
01:09:02,462 --> 01:09:03,429
<i>The constitution of this</i>

2064
01:09:03,463 --> 01:09:04,463
<i>Country means to us.</i>

2065
01:09:04,497 --> 01:09:06,298
<i>I really, I've never appreciated</i>

2066
01:09:06,333 --> 01:09:08,834
<i>What the meaning and importance</i>

2067
01:09:08,868 --> 01:09:10,035
<i>Of separation of powers is</i>

2068
01:09:10,069 --> 01:09:11,604
<i>So much as in the last,</i>

2069
01:09:11,638 --> 01:09:13,071
<i>The last week.</i>

2070
01:09:13,106 --> 01:09:15,341
<i>>> woman: When dan ellsberg</i>

2071
01:09:15,375 --> 01:09:17,443
<i>Released the pentagon papers, he</i>

2072
01:09:17,477 --> 01:09:19,211
<i>Was doing it to stop the war.</i>

2073
01:09:19,246 --> 01:09:20,912
<i>Perhaps the most important</i>

2074
01:09:20,947 --> 01:09:23,949
<i>Legacy he left us with, though,</i>

2075
01:09:23,983 --> 01:09:26,084
<i>Was a supreme court case,</i>

2076
01:09:26,119 --> 01:09:27,553
<i>The pentagon papers case,</i>

2077
01:09:27,587 --> 01:09:28,820
<i>Which is perhaps the most</i>

2078
01:09:28,855 --> 01:09:30,822
<i>Important first amendment</i>

2079
01:09:30,857 --> 01:09:33,792
<i>Decision in the court's history.</i>

2080
01:09:33,826 --> 01:09:35,961
<i>I can guarantee you that every</i>

2081
01:09:35,995 --> 01:09:37,295
<i>Day there's a first amendment</i>

2082
01:09:37,330 --> 01:09:38,864
<i>Lawyer out there citing</i>

2083
01:09:38,898 --> 01:09:40,232
<i>The pentagon papers case</i>

2084
01:09:40,266 --> 01:09:42,434
<i>In order to protect free speech</i>

2085
01:09:42,469 --> 01:09:43,702
<i>And free press against</i>

2086
01:09:43,736 --> 01:09:45,420
<i>Government encroachment.</i>

2087
01:09:45,455 --> 01:09:46,655
<i>>> frankel: When we finally</i>

2088
01:09:46,689 --> 01:09:48,256
<i>Won the right to continue</i>

2089
01:09:48,290 --> 01:09:50,342
<i>Publication from the supreme</i>

2090
01:09:50,376 --> 01:09:52,978
<i>Court, this was a firm ruling</i>

2091
01:09:53,012 --> 01:09:55,214
<i>That national security alone,</i>

2092
01:09:55,248 --> 01:09:57,382
<i>The cry of national security,</i>

2093
01:09:57,416 --> 01:09:59,017
<i>Does not justify censorship</i>

2094
01:09:59,052 --> 01:10:00,385
<i>In advance.</i>

2095
01:10:00,419 --> 01:10:01,720
<i>>> nixon on tape: I wanted</i>

2096
01:10:01,421 --> 01:10:02,754
<i>To tell you that I was</i>

2097
01:10:02,789 --> 01:10:04,423
<i>So damn mad when that supreme</i>

2098
01:10:04,457 --> 01:10:05,557
<i>Court had to come down...</i>

2099
01:10:05,591 --> 01:10:06,591
<i>First, I didn't like</i>

2100
01:10:06,626 --> 01:10:07,426
<i>Their decision...</i>

2101
01:10:07,460 --> 01:10:08,326
<i>>> man: I didn't either.</i>

2102
01:10:08,360 --> 01:10:09,327
<i>>> unbelievable, wasn't it?</i>

2103
01:10:09,361 --> 01:10:10,462
<i>You know, those clowns we've</i>

2104
01:10:10,496 --> 01:10:12,497
<i>Got on there, I tell you, I hope</i>

2105
01:10:12,532 --> 01:10:14,198
<i>I outlive the bastards.</i>

2106
01:10:14,233 --> 01:10:15,500
<i>>> persons close to the</i>

2107
01:10:15,534 --> 01:10:16,869
<i>President vehemently deny</i>

2108
01:10:16,903 --> 01:10:18,837
<i>That he is any vengeful mood</i>

2109
01:10:18,872 --> 01:10:20,072
<i>Toward the new york times</i>

2110
01:10:20,106 --> 01:10:21,373
<i>Or any other newspaper.</i>

2111
01:10:21,407 --> 01:10:22,607
<i>As for fears expressed</i>

2112
01:10:22,642 --> 01:10:23,776
<i>By reporters and editors</i>

2113
01:10:23,810 --> 01:10:25,244
<i>That there is big trouble ahead</i>

2114
01:10:25,278 --> 01:10:26,611
<i>From the administration,</i>

2115
01:10:26,646 --> 01:10:28,613
<i>The nixon men say, "that is</i>

2116
01:10:28,648 --> 01:10:33,218
<i>Pure paranoia, ridiculous."</i>

2117
01:10:33,253 --> 01:10:34,486
<i>>> dick cavett: Mr. Ellsberg</i>

2118
01:10:34,520 --> 01:10:35,620
<i>Or dr. Ellsberg himself</i>

2119
01:10:35,655 --> 01:10:36,688
<i>Has been hailed as hero</i>

2120
01:10:36,722 --> 01:10:37,923
<i>By a lot of people, condemned</i>

2121
01:10:37,957 --> 01:10:39,291
<i>As a traitor by others.</i>

2122
01:10:39,325 --> 01:10:39,958
<i>Will you welcome, please,</i>

2123
01:10:39,993 --> 01:10:41,192
<i>The man who...</i>

2124
01:10:41,227 --> 01:10:42,393
<i>Uh, made the whole thing</i>

2125
01:10:42,428 --> 01:10:44,262
<i>Possible, dr. Daniel ellsberg.</i>

2126
01:10:44,296 --> 01:10:49,335
<i>[applause..., �...]</i>

2127
01:10:49,369 --> 01:10:51,169
<i>>> falk: I think that the drama</i>

2128
01:10:51,204 --> 01:10:53,171
<i>That surrounded the release of</i>

2129
01:10:53,206 --> 01:10:56,107
<i>The papers, which centered on</i>

2130
01:10:56,142 --> 01:10:58,143
<i>The personality and experience</i>

2131
01:10:58,177 --> 01:11:01,313
<i>Of dan ellsberg himself, gave</i>

2132
01:11:01,347 --> 01:11:04,582
<i>The papers a prominence that</i>

2133
01:11:04,617 --> 01:11:07,252
<i>They probably wouldn't have had,</i>

2134
01:11:07,287 --> 01:11:10,388
<i>Had a grayer personality been</i>

2135
01:11:10,423 --> 01:11:13,125
<i>Associated with this release.</i>

2136
01:11:13,159 --> 01:11:14,693
<i>[applause finally stops]</i>

2137
01:11:14,727 --> 01:11:15,994
<i>>> that much applause without</i>

2138
01:11:16,029 --> 01:11:17,262
<i>Even doing a monologue...</i>

2139
01:11:17,297 --> 01:11:18,396
<i>[laughter]</i>

2140
01:11:18,431 --> 01:11:19,331
<i>...Is there any way</i>

2141
01:11:19,365 --> 01:11:20,532
<i>To answer in 30 seconds</i>

2142
01:11:20,566 --> 01:11:21,733
<i>What people can do?</i>

2143
01:11:21,835 --> 01:11:22,984
<i>>> I think one thing that people</i>

2144
01:11:23,018 --> 01:11:24,253
<i>Will conclude when they've read</i>

2145
01:11:24,287 --> 01:11:27,055
<i>It is that they have not asked</i>

2146
01:11:27,089 --> 01:11:29,558
<i>Enough, they have not expected</i>

2147
01:11:29,592 --> 01:11:30,759
<i>Enough or demanded enough in the</i>

2148
01:11:30,793 --> 01:11:32,227
<i>Way of boldness, in the way of</i>

2149
01:11:32,262 --> 01:11:33,862
<i>Responsibility, from their</i>

2150
01:11:33,896 --> 01:11:35,530
<i>Public servants.</i>

2151
01:11:35,565 --> 01:11:37,766
<i>Make that known and I think</i>

2152
01:11:37,800 --> 01:11:39,868
<i>That our constitution will</i>

2153
01:11:39,902 --> 01:11:42,804
<i>Continue to function better</i>

2154
01:11:42,838 --> 01:11:44,573
<i>Than it has been in the past.</i>

2155
01:11:44,607 --> 01:11:47,442
<i>[applause...]</i>

2156
01:11:47,777 --> 01:11:49,511
<i>[fades...]</i>

2157
01:11:49,545 --> 01:11:51,813
<i>>> halperin: I think he did</i>

2158
01:11:51,848 --> 01:11:54,248
<i>Betray a trust and he put</i>

2159
01:11:54,283 --> 01:11:56,451
<i>In jeopardy not only his</i>

2160
01:11:56,486 --> 01:11:58,854
<i>Welfare, but that of everybody</i>

2161
01:11:58,888 --> 01:12:01,472
<i>Else who was involved.</i>

2162
01:12:01,507 --> 01:12:02,741
<i>>> ellsberg interviewed: There</i>

2163
01:12:02,775 --> 01:12:04,375
<i>Was no question in my mind that</i>

2164
01:12:04,410 --> 01:12:06,611
<i>My... Best friend, really,</i>

2165
01:12:06,645 --> 01:12:08,413
<i>Harry rowen, would be definitely</i>

2166
01:12:08,447 --> 01:12:10,648
<i>Associated with what I'd done</i>

2167
01:12:10,683 --> 01:12:12,084
<i>And the fact that I did it</i>

2168
01:12:12,118 --> 01:12:13,418
<i>While he was president,</i>

2169
01:12:13,452 --> 01:12:14,419
<i>That this happened, this</i>

2170
01:12:14,453 --> 01:12:15,721
<i>Security breach happened.</i>

2171
01:12:15,755 --> 01:12:17,122
<i>So I knew that would hurt him,</i>

2172
01:12:17,156 --> 01:12:18,757
<i>Might lose him his job,</i>

2173
01:12:18,791 --> 01:12:22,393
<i>As it did, actually.</i>

2174
01:12:22,428 --> 01:12:24,996
<i>E.M. Forster said, "if I had to</i>

2175
01:12:25,031 --> 01:12:26,798
<i>Choose between betraying my</i>

2176
01:12:26,833 --> 01:12:28,967
<i>Country and betraying a friend,</i>

2177
01:12:29,001 --> 01:12:30,368
<i>I hope I should have the guts</i>

2178
01:12:30,402 --> 01:12:32,670
<i>To betray my country."</i>

2179
01:12:32,705 --> 01:12:33,922
<i>And I remember when that was</i>

2180
01:12:33,957 --> 01:12:35,757
<i>Quoted to me, my reaction right</i>

2181
01:12:35,792 --> 01:12:37,359
<i>Away was, "I don't agree</i>

2182
01:12:37,393 --> 01:12:38,460
<i>With that at all."</i>

2183
01:12:38,495 --> 01:12:39,962
<i>We're talking about</i>

2184
01:12:39,996 --> 01:12:42,364
<i>Many, many, many lives here.</i>

2185
01:12:42,398 --> 01:12:43,398
<i>We're talking about</i>

2186
01:12:43,432 --> 01:12:46,100
<i>Shortening a war.</i>

2187
01:12:46,135 --> 01:12:46,968
<i>>> schelling: Not long after</i>

2188
01:12:47,002 --> 01:12:48,069
<i>The release of the pentagon</i>

2189
01:12:48,103 --> 01:12:49,504
<i>Papers, I was at a conference</i>

2190
01:12:49,539 --> 01:12:51,005
<i>At u.C.L.A.</i>

2191
01:12:51,040 --> 01:12:52,707
<i>There were at least a dozen</i>

2192
01:12:52,742 --> 01:12:54,409
<i>People from rand at that</i>

2193
01:12:54,444 --> 01:12:57,446
<i>Conference and, uh, not one of</i>

2194
01:12:57,480 --> 01:13:01,616
<i>Them would shake hands with dan.</i>

2195
01:13:01,651 --> 01:13:05,019
<i>Not one would sit near him.</i>

2196
01:13:05,054 --> 01:13:11,426
<i>They treated him as a, uh...</i>

2197
01:13:11,461 --> 01:13:13,528
<i>A traitor.</i>

2198
01:13:13,563 --> 01:13:15,597
<i>And whether they, they meant</i>

2199
01:13:15,631 --> 01:13:16,865
<i>A traitor to his country or</i>

2200
01:13:16,899 --> 01:13:18,467
<i>A traitor to his organization,</i>

2201
01:13:18,501 --> 01:13:20,852
<i>It's hard to know.</i>

2202
01:13:20,886 --> 01:13:21,720
<i>>> ellsberg interviewed: I was</i>

2203
01:13:21,754 --> 01:13:24,122
<i>Typhoid mary, I was a leper</i>

2204
01:13:24,156 --> 01:13:28,627
<i>With a bell around my neck.</i>

2205
01:13:28,661 --> 01:13:31,630
<i>I've come to realize, the fear</i>

2206
01:13:31,664 --> 01:13:34,032
<i>Of being cut out from the group</i>

2207
01:13:34,066 --> 01:13:37,302
<i>Of people you respect and whose</i>

2208
01:13:37,337 --> 01:13:39,471
<i>Respect you want and normally</i>

2209
01:13:39,505 --> 01:13:42,574
<i>Expect, that keeps people</i>

2210
01:13:42,608 --> 01:13:44,609
<i>Participating in anything,</i>

2211
01:13:44,644 --> 01:13:49,047
<i>No matter how terrible.</i>

2212
01:13:49,349 --> 01:13:50,398
<i>>> whatever his intentions</i>

2213
01:13:50,433 --> 01:13:52,634
<i>May have been, in your opinion,</i>

2214
01:13:52,669 --> 01:13:53,902
<i>Did daniel ellsberg betray</i>

2215
01:13:53,937 --> 01:13:54,919
<i>His country?</i>

2216
01:13:54,954 --> 01:13:57,422
<i>>> I would put it another way.</i>

2217
01:13:57,457 --> 01:13:59,090
<i>Daniel ellsberg, whatever his</i>

2218
01:13:59,124 --> 01:14:01,693
<i>Intentions, gave aid and comfort</i>

2219
01:14:01,728 --> 01:14:03,662
<i>To the enemy, and under those</i>

2220
01:14:03,696 --> 01:14:04,763
<i>Circumstances, that is</i>

2221
01:14:04,797 --> 01:14:06,348
<i>Inexcusable.</i>

2222
01:14:06,382 --> 01:14:09,317
<i>After all, he is putting himself</i>

2223
01:14:09,352 --> 01:14:11,986
<i>Above the president of the</i>

2224
01:14:12,020 --> 01:14:13,421
<i>United states, above the</i>

2225
01:14:13,456 --> 01:14:15,523
<i>Congress, above our whole system</i>

2226
01:14:15,558 --> 01:14:17,759
<i>Of government when he says, in</i>

2227
01:14:17,793 --> 01:14:20,328
<i>Effect, that he would determine</i>

2228
01:14:20,363 --> 01:14:23,215
<i>What should be made public.</i>

2229
01:14:23,249 --> 01:14:24,682
<i>>> dean: I think that there is</i>

2230
01:14:24,717 --> 01:14:27,052
<i>Probably some good justification</i>

2231
01:14:27,086 --> 01:14:28,220
<i>For the strong feelings</i>

2232
01:14:28,254 --> 01:14:29,054
<i>Nixon had.</i>

2233
01:14:29,088 --> 01:14:30,688
<i>He would make a decision in the</i>

2234
01:14:30,723 --> 01:14:31,823
<i>National security council and</i>

2235
01:14:31,857 --> 01:14:33,458
<i>The next day read it on the</i>

2236
01:14:33,493 --> 01:14:35,093
<i>Front page of the new york times</i>

2237
01:14:35,128 --> 01:14:36,461
<i>Or some other newspaper.</i>

2238
01:14:36,496 --> 01:14:37,862
<i>This makes it virtually</i>

2239
01:14:37,897 --> 01:14:39,597
<i>Impossible to govern.</i>

2240
01:14:39,632 --> 01:14:40,498
<i>>> nixon on tape: Just because</i>

2241
01:14:40,532 --> 01:14:41,866
<i>Some guy's gonna be a martyr,</i>

2242
01:14:41,901 --> 01:14:43,501
<i>We can't be in a position of</i>

2243
01:14:43,535 --> 01:14:44,936
<i>Allowing the fellow to get away</i>

2244
01:14:44,970 --> 01:14:46,204
<i>With this kind of wholesale</i>

2245
01:14:46,238 --> 01:14:47,238
<i>Thievery, or otherwise it's</i>

2246
01:14:47,272 --> 01:14:48,372
<i>Gonna happen all over the</i>

2247
01:14:48,407 --> 01:14:49,074
<i>Government.</i>

2248
01:14:49,108 --> 01:14:50,541
<i>I just say that we've got to</i>

2249
01:14:50,576 --> 01:14:52,043
<i>Keep our eye on the main ball.</i>

2250
01:14:52,078 --> 01:14:53,311
<i>The main ball is ellsberg.</i>

2251
01:14:53,345 --> 01:14:54,579
<i>We got to get this</i>

2252
01:14:54,613 --> 01:14:55,847
<i>Son of a bitch.</i>

2253
01:14:55,881 --> 01:14:57,115
<i>>> dean: The leak of the</i>

2254
01:14:57,149 --> 01:14:59,150
<i>Pentagon papers changed</i>

2255
01:14:59,185 --> 01:15:00,351
<i>The nixon white house.</i>

2256
01:15:00,385 --> 01:15:02,020
<i>It really is what some of us</i>

2257
01:15:02,054 --> 01:15:03,171
<i>Have called the beginning of</i>

2258
01:15:03,205 --> 01:15:04,205
<i>The dark period.</i>

2259
01:15:04,239 --> 01:15:05,807
<i>I mean, it was rough and tumble</i>

2260
01:15:05,841 --> 01:15:07,742
<i>Before, but it got down</i>

2261
01:15:07,777 --> 01:15:08,626
<i>And dirty.</i>

2262
01:15:08,660 --> 01:15:10,595
<i>So it's really a defining event</i>

2263
01:15:10,629 --> 01:15:12,764
<i>For the nixon presidency.</i>

2264
01:15:12,798 --> 01:15:14,432
<i>And this is when egil krogh,</i>

2265
01:15:14,466 --> 01:15:16,368
<i>Bud krogh, was selected to head</i>

2266
01:15:16,402 --> 01:15:19,537
<i>Up the so-called plumbers unit.</i>

2267
01:15:19,571 --> 01:15:21,189
<i>>> I was summoned to the oval</i>

2268
01:15:21,224 --> 01:15:23,358
<i>Office by the president.</i>

2269
01:15:23,392 --> 01:15:24,525
<i>John ehrlichman and I</i>

2270
01:15:24,560 --> 01:15:25,861
<i>Met with him.</i>

2271
01:15:25,895 --> 01:15:28,163
<i>There was some suspicion that</i>

2272
01:15:28,197 --> 01:15:30,431
<i>Dr. Ellsberg had access to the</i>

2273
01:15:30,466 --> 01:15:32,700
<i>More recent war plans that had</i>

2274
01:15:32,735 --> 01:15:34,002
<i>Been developed by the nixon</i>

2275
01:15:34,036 --> 01:15:36,004
<i>Administration and would be</i>

2276
01:15:36,038 --> 01:15:38,473
<i>Able to release those documents.</i>

2277
01:15:38,507 --> 01:15:39,975
<i>I came from that meeting feeling</i>

2278
01:15:40,009 --> 01:15:41,943
<i>Very strongly that I was dealing</i>

2279
01:15:41,978 --> 01:15:43,778
<i>With a national security crisis</i>

2280
01:15:43,812 --> 01:15:45,480
<i>And I was to take any means</i>

2281
01:15:45,514 --> 01:15:58,210
<i>Necessary to respond to it.</i>

2282
01:15:58,244 --> 01:16:00,845
<i>The president had decided to</i>

2283
01:16:00,880 --> 01:16:03,014
<i>Set up a special investigations</i>

2284
01:16:03,048 --> 01:16:18,629
<i>Unit in the white house staff.</i>

2285
01:16:18,664 --> 01:16:19,981
<i>Did daniel ellsberg work alone?</i>

2286
01:16:20,015 --> 01:16:21,249
<i>Was he working with some</i>

2287
01:16:21,283 --> 01:16:22,216
<i>Other people?</i>

2288
01:16:22,251 --> 01:16:24,318
<i>Was it part of a conspiracy?</i>

2289
01:16:24,353 --> 01:16:25,870
<i>And it was in that context that</i>

2290
01:16:25,904 --> 01:16:28,573
<i>A proposal was made by e. Howard</i>

2291
01:16:28,607 --> 01:16:30,174
<i>Hunt to get information that</i>

2292
01:16:30,209 --> 01:16:31,810
<i>Could be used to discredit</i>

2293
01:16:31,844 --> 01:16:33,177
<i>Dr. Ellsberg.</i>

2294
01:16:33,212 --> 01:16:35,063
<i>"a covert operation ought to</i>

2295
01:16:35,097 --> 01:16:37,298
<i>Be undertaken to examine all</i>

2296
01:16:37,332 --> 01:16:38,967
<i>Of the files still held by</i>

2297
01:16:39,001 --> 01:16:40,735
<i>Dr. Ellsberg's psychiatrist,</i>

2298
01:16:40,770 --> 01:16:42,837
<i>Dr. Lewis fielding."</i>

2299
01:16:42,872 --> 01:16:45,089
<i>This went to john ehrlichman.</i>

2300
01:16:45,124 --> 01:16:46,758
<i>Underneath that proposal were</i>

2301
01:16:46,792 --> 01:16:48,276
<i>Two lines: "approve" with a</i>

2302
01:16:48,310 --> 01:16:50,344
<i>Line, "disapprove" with a line.</i>

2303
01:16:50,379 --> 01:16:52,346
<i>He wrote his large "e" after</i>

2304
01:16:52,381 --> 01:16:54,382
<i>"approve," and then put in</i>

2305
01:16:54,417 --> 01:16:55,784
<i>"under your assurance it is</i>

2306
01:16:55,818 --> 01:17:01,405
<i>Not traceable."</i>

2307
01:17:01,440 --> 01:17:02,874
<i>>> robert: The f.B.I. Came one</i>

2308
01:17:02,908 --> 01:17:04,175
<i>Day and said, "I'm afraid we</i>

2309
01:17:04,210 --> 01:17:05,543
<i>Have a subpoena here for you</i>

2310
01:17:05,577 --> 01:17:06,978
<i>To testify today at the grand</i>

2311
01:17:07,012 --> 01:17:08,279
<i>Jury."</i>

2312
01:17:08,314 --> 01:17:10,081
<i>My father was very upset.</i>

2313
01:17:10,115 --> 01:17:11,315
<i>He somehow thought that there</i>

2314
01:17:11,350 --> 01:17:12,617
<i>Was something more my mother</i>

2315
01:17:12,652 --> 01:17:14,085
<i>Could do to prevent this somehow</i>

2316
01:17:14,119 --> 01:17:15,620
<i>If she had better legal advice</i>

2317
01:17:15,655 --> 01:17:16,721
<i>Or whatever.</i>

2318
01:17:16,756 --> 01:17:18,156
<i>Her attitude was, "so you're the</i>

2319
01:17:18,190 --> 01:17:20,926
<i>One who got him into this, um,</i>

2320
01:17:20,960 --> 01:17:23,261
<i>And of course he's gonna, he's</i>

2321
01:17:23,295 --> 01:17:24,930
<i>Gonna just tell the truth."</i>

2322
01:17:24,964 --> 01:17:26,330
<i>And my father said, "well, of</i>

2323
01:17:26,365 --> 01:17:27,766
<i>Course you got to, you know,</i>

2324
01:17:27,800 --> 01:17:29,367
<i>Just tell, tell the truth."</i>

2325
01:17:29,401 --> 01:17:31,035
<i>My personal involvement in the</i>

2326
01:17:31,070 --> 01:17:32,570
<i>Whole thing, the people I knew</i>

2327
01:17:32,604 --> 01:17:33,972
<i>About and the copying of</i>

2328
01:17:34,006 --> 01:17:35,306
<i>The pentagon papers, that</i>

2329
01:17:35,341 --> 01:17:36,924
<i>Became the focus of the,</i>

2330
01:17:36,959 --> 01:17:38,026
<i>Of the indictment.</i>

2331
01:17:38,060 --> 01:17:38,993
<i>>> I have a statement.</i>

2332
01:17:39,028 --> 01:17:40,228
<i>I have a prepared statement</i>

2333
01:17:40,263 --> 01:17:41,429
<i>That I'd like to read.</i>

2334
01:17:41,464 --> 01:17:42,497
<i>...[interviewed]: Well, I said</i>

2335
01:17:42,532 --> 01:17:43,831
<i>To myself that I would not</i>

2336
01:17:43,866 --> 01:17:45,867
<i>Testify against him.</i>

2337
01:17:45,901 --> 01:17:47,735
<i>...Let me put my cigarette out.</i>

2338
01:17:47,770 --> 01:17:49,554
<i>...Because after all, to begin</i>

2339
01:17:49,589 --> 01:17:53,774
<i>With, I had urged him to do it.</i>

2340
01:17:53,809 --> 01:17:54,976
<i>...The attorney general</i>

2341
01:17:54,894 --> 01:17:56,494
<i>Offers me the alternative of</i>

2342
01:17:56,528 --> 01:17:59,030
<i>Collaborating with him in his</i>

2343
01:17:59,064 --> 01:18:00,631
<i>Attempt to prosecute daniel</i>

2344
01:18:00,665 --> 01:18:03,167
<i>Ellsberg by testifying in</i>

2345
01:18:03,202 --> 01:18:05,103
<i>Secret before a grand jury.</i>

2346
01:18:05,137 --> 01:18:07,638
<i>For me, that is no choice.</i>

2347
01:18:07,672 --> 01:18:09,007
<i>>> he was immediately put in</i>

2348
01:18:09,041 --> 01:18:12,210
<i>Custody for contempt of court.</i>

2349
01:18:12,244 --> 01:18:14,079
<i>He offended the prosecutorial</i>

2350
01:18:14,113 --> 01:18:16,648
<i>Team by refusing to cooperate</i>

2351
01:18:16,682 --> 01:18:19,233
<i>In any way in the grand jury.</i>

2352
01:18:19,267 --> 01:18:20,869
<i>If tony had testified, he would</i>

2353
01:18:20,903 --> 01:18:23,538
<i>Have been out scot-free.</i>

2354
01:18:23,572 --> 01:18:24,906
<i>>> russo: The first thing that</i>

2355
01:18:24,940 --> 01:18:26,808
<i>Came to my mind was gandhi's</i>

2356
01:18:26,842 --> 01:18:29,544
<i>Dictum, "you should not</i>

2357
01:18:29,578 --> 01:18:31,713
<i>Cooperate with evil."</i>

2358
01:18:31,747 --> 01:18:34,716
<i>[�...]</i>

2359
01:18:56,772 --> 01:18:57,705
<i>>> newscaster: The pentagon</i>

2360
01:18:57,740 --> 01:18:59,541
<i>Papers drama changed abruptly</i>

2361
01:18:59,575 --> 01:19:01,009
<i>Into the pentagon papers media</i>

2362
01:19:01,043 --> 01:19:02,710
<i>Freak-out and cameramen's farce</i>

2363
01:19:02,745 --> 01:19:03,879
<i>As the documents arrived</i>

2364
01:19:03,913 --> 01:19:04,880
<i>At the senate...</i>

2365
01:19:04,914 --> 01:19:06,665
<i>>> zinn: I think dan was</i>

2366
01:19:06,699 --> 01:19:09,234
<i>Disappointed in that he may</i>

2367
01:19:09,268 --> 01:19:11,503
<i>Have expected too much from</i>

2368
01:19:11,537 --> 01:19:12,971
<i>The publication of the papers.</i>

2369
01:19:13,005 --> 01:19:14,238
<i>He may have expected that</i>

2370
01:19:14,272 --> 01:19:16,173
<i>The publication of the papers</i>

2371
01:19:16,208 --> 01:19:18,142
<i>Would create a greater sensation</i>

2372
01:19:18,176 --> 01:19:19,110
<i>Than it did.</i>

2373
01:19:19,144 --> 01:19:20,244
<i>Of course, it created</i>

2374
01:19:20,278 --> 01:19:21,312
<i>A sensation.</i>

2375
01:19:21,346 --> 01:19:22,880
<i>>> where is mr. Ellsberg?</i>

2376
01:19:22,914 --> 01:19:24,515
<i>[laughter]</i>

2377
01:19:24,549 --> 01:19:25,950
<i>>> I hope he's in jail.</i>

2378
01:19:25,985 --> 01:19:27,085
<i>[laughter]</i>

2379
01:19:27,119 --> 01:19:28,403
<i>>> zinn: But I think he was</i>

2380
01:19:28,437 --> 01:19:29,604
<i>Disappointed in the fact that</i>

2381
01:19:29,639 --> 01:19:30,838
<i>The substance of the papers,</i>

2382
01:19:30,873 --> 01:19:32,674
<i>The content of the papers</i>

2383
01:19:32,708 --> 01:19:34,208
<i>Did not seem to be absorbed</i>

2384
01:19:34,242 --> 01:19:35,610
<i>By the public.</i>

2385
01:19:35,644 --> 01:19:38,713
<i>[�...]</i>

2386
01:19:38,747 --> 01:19:40,181
<i>>> ellsberg: I gave up my job,</i>

2387
01:19:40,215 --> 01:19:41,649
<i>My career, my clearance, and I</i>

2388
01:19:41,684 --> 01:19:45,152
<i>Staked my freedom on a gamble:</i>

2389
01:19:45,187 --> 01:19:47,455
<i>If the american people knew the</i>

2390
01:19:47,489 --> 01:19:49,457
<i>Truth about how they had been</i>

2391
01:19:49,491 --> 01:19:51,826
<i>Lied to, about the myths that</i>

2392
01:19:51,861 --> 01:19:54,362
<i>Had led them to endorse this</i>

2393
01:19:54,396 --> 01:19:56,931
<i>Butchery for 25 years, that</i>

2394
01:19:56,966 --> 01:19:59,200
<i>They would choose against it.</i>

2395
01:19:59,234 --> 01:20:00,702
<i>And the risk that you take</i>

2396
01:20:00,736 --> 01:20:02,486
<i>When you do that is that you'll</i>

2397
01:20:02,521 --> 01:20:04,288
<i>Learn something ultimately about</i>

2398
01:20:04,322 --> 01:20:05,890
<i>Your fellow citizens that you</i>

2399
01:20:05,925 --> 01:20:08,193
<i>Won't like to hear, and that is</i>

2400
01:20:08,227 --> 01:20:10,261
<i>That they hear it, they learn</i>

2401
01:20:10,295 --> 01:20:12,363
<i>From it, they understand it,</i>

2402
01:20:12,397 --> 01:20:14,866
<i>And they proceed to ignore it.</i>

2403
01:20:14,900 --> 01:20:17,835
<i>[�...]</i>

2404
01:20:24,209 --> 01:20:57,258
<i>[explosions]</i>

2405
01:20:57,293 --> 01:20:58,426
<i>...I remember speaking about</i>

2406
01:20:58,461 --> 01:20:59,844
<i>A year ago and expressing the</i>

2407
01:20:59,878 --> 01:21:01,612
<i>Hope that we would end this war</i>

2408
01:21:01,647 --> 01:21:02,914
<i>Before we had dropped another</i>

2409
01:21:02,949 --> 01:21:04,582
<i>Million tons of bombs</i>

2410
01:21:04,616 --> 01:21:05,683
<i>On the vietnamese.</i>

2411
01:21:05,717 --> 01:21:06,684
<i>Well, that hope has</i>

2412
01:21:06,718 --> 01:21:07,718
<i>Been disappointed.</i>

2413
01:21:07,753 --> 01:21:09,153
<i>...We could never get into the</i>

2414
01:21:09,187 --> 01:21:11,289
<i>Paper the very fact that we had</i>

2415
01:21:11,323 --> 01:21:12,791
<i>Reported the bombing tonnage.</i>

2416
01:21:12,825 --> 01:21:14,559
<i>They didn't even go so far as</i>

2417
01:21:14,593 --> 01:21:16,928
<i>To say, "the ellsbergs have this</i>

2418
01:21:16,962 --> 01:21:19,097
<i>Funny habit in every daily press</i>

2419
01:21:19,131 --> 01:21:21,299
<i>Conference of saying, 'here's</i>

2420
01:21:21,333 --> 01:21:22,700
<i>How many bombs we dropped</i>

2421
01:21:22,734 --> 01:21:23,801
<i>Last week.'"</i>

2422
01:21:23,835 --> 01:21:26,036
<i>...We've dropped another 200,000</i>

2423
01:21:26,071 --> 01:21:27,938
<i>Tons of bombs on indochina.</i>

2424
01:21:27,973 --> 01:21:29,474
<i>That's 10 hiroshimas,</i>

2425
01:21:29,508 --> 01:21:31,175
<i>One hiroshima a week.</i>

2426
01:21:31,210 --> 01:21:32,076
<i>...They never even mentioned</i>

2427
01:21:32,110 --> 01:21:33,478
<i>We'd said it, let alone reflect</i>

2428
01:21:33,512 --> 01:21:35,012
<i>On the fact that it was</i>

2429
01:21:35,046 --> 01:21:36,480
<i>Happening.</i>

2430
01:21:36,515 --> 01:21:38,315
<i>When I knew we were gonna bomb</i>

2431
01:21:38,350 --> 01:21:40,718
<i>Vietnam forever, that was like</i>

2432
01:21:40,752 --> 01:21:42,453
<i>Bombing the neighborhood.</i>

2433
01:21:42,488 --> 01:21:43,388
<i>The people there were more</i>

2434
01:21:43,422 --> 01:21:44,855
<i>Than pictures for me and they</i>

2435
01:21:44,890 --> 01:21:47,592
<i>Were more than numbers.</i>

2436
01:21:47,626 --> 01:21:53,731
<i>[�...]</i>

2437
01:21:53,765 --> 01:21:55,433
<i>>> when we went to select our</i>

2438
01:21:55,468 --> 01:21:57,351
<i>Jury, we brought in an expert,</i>

2439
01:21:57,385 --> 01:22:00,188
<i>Actually a psychiatrist.</i>

2440
01:22:00,222 --> 01:22:02,223
<i>He told us we were defending</i>

2441
01:22:02,257 --> 01:22:05,076
<i>Two young men-- bright, high</i>

2442
01:22:05,110 --> 01:22:07,879
<i>Achievers, men with a future--</i>

2443
01:22:07,913 --> 01:22:09,713
<i>Who were willing to risk it all</i>

2444
01:22:09,748 --> 01:22:12,183
<i>For the sake of not themselves</i>

2445
01:22:12,217 --> 01:22:13,551
<i>Or their own careerist</i>

2446
01:22:13,585 --> 01:22:15,119
<i>Interests, but for the sake</i>

2447
01:22:15,154 --> 01:22:16,587
<i>Of a principle.</i>

2448
01:22:16,622 --> 01:22:19,240
<i>And the psychiatrist said to us,</i>

2449
01:22:19,275 --> 01:22:21,809
<i>"you don't want on this jury</i>

2450
01:22:21,843 --> 01:22:25,179
<i>Men of middle age, because these</i>

2451
01:22:25,214 --> 01:22:27,632
<i>Are people who in the course of</i>

2452
01:22:27,666 --> 01:22:29,900
<i>Their lives might possibly have</i>

2453
01:22:29,935 --> 01:22:32,136
<i>Sacrificed principle for the</i>

2454
01:22:32,170 --> 01:22:34,305
<i>Sake of career, for the sake of</i>

2455
01:22:34,340 --> 01:22:36,808
<i>Family, and they lived with that</i>

2456
01:22:36,842 --> 01:22:39,777
<i>Compromise, and they will have</i>

2457
01:22:39,812 --> 01:22:43,748
<i>A lot of disdain, even contempt</i>

2458
01:22:43,782 --> 01:22:45,650
<i>For two men who did it for</i>

2459
01:22:45,684 --> 01:22:47,184
<i>The sake of principle and</i>

2460
01:22:47,219 --> 01:22:48,486
<i>Took the risk."</i>

2461
01:22:48,520 --> 01:22:49,820
<i>>> in los angeles today, daniel</i>

2462
01:22:49,855 --> 01:22:51,356
<i>Ellsberg returned to the witness</i>

2463
01:22:51,390 --> 01:22:52,657
<i>Stand in the pentagon papers</i>

2464
01:22:52,691 --> 01:22:54,292
<i>Case, and for the first time,</i>

2465
01:22:54,326 --> 01:22:55,793
<i>The chief defendant spelled out</i>

2466
01:22:55,827 --> 01:22:57,378
<i>How he changed from hawk to dove</i>

2467
01:22:57,413 --> 01:22:58,646
<i>On the vietnam war.</i>

2468
01:22:58,680 --> 01:23:00,081
<i>>> ellsberg: When I was on the</i>

2469
01:23:00,115 --> 01:23:02,550
<i>Stand for four and a half days,</i>

2470
01:23:02,584 --> 01:23:04,218
<i>I actually recalled this</i>

2471
01:23:04,253 --> 01:23:06,520
<i>Particular incident in 1966</i>

2472
01:23:06,555 --> 01:23:08,756
<i>When I came on a burning village</i>

2473
01:23:08,958 --> 01:23:10,391
<i>That was burning because our</i>

2474
01:23:10,425 --> 01:23:13,161
<i>Vietnamese troops had fired on</i>

2475
01:23:13,195 --> 01:23:15,029
<i>It, and in the course of that,</i>

2476
01:23:15,063 --> 01:23:17,398
<i>I saw some kids picking through</i>

2477
01:23:17,433 --> 01:23:20,368
<i>The embers of their huts for a</i>

2478
01:23:20,402 --> 01:23:22,403
<i>Little plastic doll.</i>

2479
01:23:22,438 --> 01:23:24,472
<i>That was extremely anguishing</i>

2480
01:23:24,507 --> 01:23:26,841
<i>For me to see this sad</i>

2481
01:23:26,875 --> 01:23:27,742
<i>Appearance.</i>

2482
01:23:27,776 --> 01:23:29,577
<i>This is what the war meant to</i>

2483
01:23:29,612 --> 01:23:31,045
<i>Them, really, the destruction</i>

2484
01:23:31,079 --> 01:23:34,782
<i>Of their homes and their lives.</i>

2485
01:23:34,817 --> 01:23:49,129
<i>[�...]</i>

2486
01:23:49,164 --> 01:23:51,098
<i>>> at the pentagon papers trial</i>

2487
01:23:51,132 --> 01:23:52,500
<i>In california today, it was</i>

2488
01:23:52,534 --> 01:23:53,868
<i>Revealed that the people who</i>

2489
01:23:53,902 --> 01:23:55,837
<i>Burglarized the watergate also</i>

2490
01:23:55,871 --> 01:23:57,572
<i>Burglarized the office of daniel</i>

2491
01:23:57,606 --> 01:23:58,740
<i>Ellsberg's psychiatrist.</i>

2492
01:23:58,774 --> 01:23:59,741
<i>>> mr. Ehrlichman, are you</i>

2493
01:23:59,775 --> 01:24:01,242
<i>Telling me that the break-in</i>

2494
01:24:01,276 --> 01:24:02,143
<i>To dr. Fielding's office was</i>

2495
01:24:02,178 --> 01:24:03,211
<i>To satisfy the president of</i>

2496
01:24:03,245 --> 01:24:04,345
<i>The United States?</i>

2497
01:24:04,380 --> 01:24:05,179
<i>>> the president wanted very</i>

2498
01:24:05,213 --> 01:24:06,748
<i>Much to make sure that a thing</i>

2499
01:24:06,782 --> 01:24:07,982
<i>Like this could not happen</i>

2500
01:24:08,017 --> 01:24:09,267
<i>Again.</i>

2501
01:24:09,301 --> 01:24:11,135
<i>>> krogh: At no time did anyone</i>

2502
01:24:11,169 --> 01:24:12,470
<i>Ask "is this the right thing</i>

2503
01:24:12,504 --> 01:24:13,704
<i>To do?"</i>

2504
01:24:13,739 --> 01:24:15,072
<i>We never looked at either</i>

2505
01:24:15,106 --> 01:24:16,540
<i>The legal issues, the ethical</i>

2506
01:24:16,575 --> 01:24:17,875
<i>Issues, the spiritual issues.</i>

2507
01:24:17,909 --> 01:24:19,777
<i>None of those things came</i>

2508
01:24:19,811 --> 01:24:21,245
<i>To the level of consciousness.</i>

2509
01:24:21,280 --> 01:24:23,347
<i>It was a collapse of integrity</i>

2510
01:24:23,382 --> 01:24:24,882
<i>Of the first order.</i>

2511
01:24:24,917 --> 01:24:27,351
<i>>> the revelation in the trial</i>

2512
01:24:27,385 --> 01:24:29,721
<i>Of the pentagon papers that</i>

2513
01:24:29,755 --> 01:24:31,255
<i>The white house had sent</i>

2514
01:24:31,289 --> 01:24:33,691
<i>The plumbers to los angeles</i>

2515
01:24:33,726 --> 01:24:36,060
<i>Really, I think, broke open</i>

2516
01:24:36,095 --> 01:24:38,462
<i>The watergate scandal.</i>

2517
01:24:38,497 --> 01:24:40,965
<i>And then to top it all off,</i>

2518
01:24:41,000 --> 01:24:43,234
<i>If the story needed topping,</i>

2519
01:24:43,268 --> 01:24:45,269
<i>The fact that the president</i>

2520
01:24:45,303 --> 01:24:47,872
<i>Met with the presiding judge.</i>

2521
01:24:47,906 --> 01:24:49,240
<i>>> the man presiding over the</i>

2522
01:24:49,274 --> 01:24:50,875
<i>Ellsberg case, judge matthew</i>

2523
01:24:50,909 --> 01:24:52,143
<i>Byrne, today confirmed that</i>

2524
01:24:52,177 --> 01:24:53,377
<i>Ehrlichman had offered him</i>

2525
01:24:53,411 --> 01:24:55,079
<i>The job of f.B.I. Director.</i>

2526
01:24:55,114 --> 01:24:56,380
<i>>> it didn't seem possible,</i>

2527
01:24:56,414 --> 01:24:57,915
<i>But there were even more</i>

2528
01:24:57,950 --> 01:24:59,517
<i>Sensational developments today</i>

2529
01:24:59,551 --> 01:25:01,268
<i>Involving the white house:</i>

2530
01:25:01,303 --> 01:25:02,670
<i>An admission from the federal</i>

2531
01:25:02,705 --> 01:25:04,405
<i>Bureau of investigation that it</i>

2532
01:25:04,439 --> 01:25:06,207
<i>Had listened to daniel ellsberg</i>

2533
01:25:06,241 --> 01:25:08,476
<i>On wiretaps as long as two years</i>

2534
01:25:08,510 --> 01:25:09,877
<i>Before he released the pentagon</i>

2535
01:25:09,912 --> 01:25:10,812
<i>Papers.</i>

2536
01:25:10,846 --> 01:25:11,679
<i>>> good evening.</i>

2537
01:25:11,714 --> 01:25:13,347
<i>A federal judge in los angeles</i>

2538
01:25:13,381 --> 01:25:14,849
<i>Today declared a mistrial</i>

2539
01:25:14,883 --> 01:25:16,250
<i>In the pentagon papers case.</i>

2540
01:25:16,284 --> 01:25:17,785
<i>He dismissed all the charges</i>

2541
01:25:17,820 --> 01:25:18,920
<i>Against daniel ellsberg</i>

2542
01:25:18,954 --> 01:25:19,921
<i>And anthony russo.</i>

2543
01:25:19,955 --> 01:25:21,022
<i>[crowd applauding...]</i>

2544
01:25:21,056 --> 01:25:22,256
<i>The judge ruled that the</i>

2545
01:25:22,290 --> 01:25:23,424
<i>Government had so tainted its</i>

2546
01:25:23,458 --> 01:25:25,292
<i>Own case as to make a fair trial</i>

2547
01:25:25,327 --> 01:25:28,029
<i>Impossible.</i>

2548
01:25:28,063 --> 01:25:29,664
<i>>> a presidential prosecution</i>

2549
01:25:29,698 --> 01:25:31,633
<i>That started, we now know,</i>

2550
01:25:31,667 --> 01:25:33,101
<i>In order to help re-elect a</i>

2551
01:25:33,135 --> 01:25:35,003
<i>President, and it's ending now,</i>

2552
01:25:35,037 --> 01:25:37,105
<i>I think, to avoid impeaching</i>

2553
01:25:37,139 --> 01:25:38,305
<i>That same president.</i>

2554
01:25:38,340 --> 01:25:39,941
<i>But it won't stop that process,</i>

2555
01:25:39,975 --> 01:25:41,308
<i>Because the facts, thanks in</i>

2556
01:25:41,343 --> 01:25:42,944
<i>Part to this trial, are out</i>

2557
01:25:42,978 --> 01:25:43,877
<i>On the table.</i>

2558
01:25:43,912 --> 01:25:45,313
<i>They're out of the safes just</i>

2559
01:25:45,347 --> 01:25:46,647
<i>As the pentagon papers are out</i>

2560
01:25:46,681 --> 01:25:47,982
<i>Of the safes, and they're the</i>

2561
01:25:48,016 --> 01:25:49,350
<i>Same kind of facts, and they</i>

2562
01:25:49,384 --> 01:25:53,721
<i>Can't be put back in the safes.</i>

2563
01:25:53,755 --> 01:25:56,690
<i>>> nixon on tape:</i>

2564
01:26:21,316 --> 01:26:24,752
<i>>> because of what dan did and</i>

2565
01:26:24,786 --> 01:26:27,355
<i>The overreaction of an imperial</i>

2566
01:26:27,389 --> 01:26:29,290
<i>President, if you will, to what</i>

2567
01:26:29,324 --> 01:26:32,960
<i>Had happened... It changed</i>

2568
01:26:32,994 --> 01:26:35,029
<i>History.</i>

2569
01:26:42,604 --> 01:26:45,540
<i>It was the cover-up of the</i>

2570
01:26:45,574 --> 01:26:48,142
<i>Ellsberg break-in that concerned</i>

2571
01:26:48,177 --> 01:26:50,144
<i>The white house, and the seeds</i>

2572
01:26:50,179 --> 01:26:52,062
<i>Of all of watergate occur</i>

2573
01:26:52,096 --> 01:26:54,498
<i>In the pentagon papers.</i>

2574
01:26:58,837 --> 01:26:59,837
<i>>> schelling: The greatest</i>

2575
01:26:59,871 --> 01:27:02,773
<i>Result of what he did was to get</i>

2576
01:27:02,808 --> 01:27:04,809
<i>President nixon out of office.</i>

2577
01:27:04,843 --> 01:27:06,009
<i>[chuckling]: That wasn't,</i>

2578
01:27:06,044 --> 01:27:07,912
<i>I'm sure, any part of his</i>

2579
01:27:07,946 --> 01:27:10,214
<i>Expectation or his intention.</i>

2580
01:27:10,248 --> 01:27:13,217
<i>[�...]</i>

2581
01:27:28,233 --> 01:27:30,501
<i>>> falk: What has remained</i>

2582
01:27:30,535 --> 01:27:33,738
<i>Significant about the release</i>

2583
01:27:33,772 --> 01:27:36,874
<i>Of the pentagon papers is the</i>

2584
01:27:36,908 --> 01:27:40,410
<i>Decision by a public official</i>

2585
01:27:40,445 --> 01:27:44,164
<i>To give priority to conscience</i>

2586
01:27:44,199 --> 01:27:46,233
<i>As compared to career.</i>

2587
01:27:46,267 --> 01:27:47,801
<i>>> the fact is that secrets can</i>

2588
01:27:47,835 --> 01:27:49,603
<i>Be held by men in the government</i>

2589
01:27:49,637 --> 01:27:51,405
<i>Whose careers have been spent</i>

2590
01:27:51,440 --> 01:27:52,673
<i>Learning how to keep their</i>

2591
01:27:52,707 --> 01:27:53,507
<i>Mouths shut.</i>

2592
01:27:53,542 --> 01:27:54,741
<i>I was one of those.</i>

2593
01:27:54,776 --> 01:27:55,976
<i>>> kehler: If you have somebody</i>

2594
01:27:56,010 --> 01:27:57,545
<i>Who starts with such a</i>

2595
01:27:57,579 --> 01:27:59,680
<i>Background within government</i>

2596
01:27:59,714 --> 01:28:01,148
<i>And who understands what dan</i>

2597
01:28:01,183 --> 01:28:02,550
<i>Understands about how it works</i>

2598
01:28:02,584 --> 01:28:05,619
<i>From the inside and who then</i>

2599
01:28:05,653 --> 01:28:08,489
<i>Continues to speak out,</i>

2600
01:28:08,523 --> 01:28:10,124
<i>Constantly trying to unmask</i>

2601
01:28:10,158 --> 01:28:11,692
<i>The lies and reveal the truth</i>

2602
01:28:11,726 --> 01:28:13,227
<i>So that people can make honest,</i>

2603
01:28:13,261 --> 01:28:14,928
<i>Clear decisions about their own</i>

2604
01:28:14,963 --> 01:28:16,697
<i>Lives and about the life of our</i>

2605
01:28:16,731 --> 01:28:18,432
<i>Nation, the life of the world...</i>

2606
01:28:18,467 --> 01:28:19,700
<i>He is the preeminent</i>

2607
01:28:19,735 --> 01:28:21,068
<i>Whistle-blower in the very best</i>

2608
01:28:21,102 --> 01:28:24,905
<i>And broadest and deepest sense.</i>

2609
01:28:24,939 --> 01:28:27,608
<i>>> we as a people do have</i>

2610
01:28:27,642 --> 01:28:29,877
<i>That power, the power to</i>

2611
01:28:29,911 --> 01:28:31,945
<i>Change ourselves and history.</i>

2612
01:28:31,980 --> 01:28:33,213
<i>We are here today...</i>

2613
01:28:33,248 --> 01:28:34,515
<i>>> krogh: I think the resonance</i>

2614
01:28:34,783 --> 01:28:37,084
<i>That I feel with dan is that he</i>

2615
01:28:37,118 --> 01:28:40,588
<i>Is trying always to do what he</i>

2616
01:28:40,622 --> 01:28:42,790
<i>Thinks is the highest right</i>

2617
01:28:42,825 --> 01:28:44,625
<i>Under the circumstances,</i>

2618
01:28:44,660 --> 01:28:46,461
<i>Regardless of the consequences.</i>

2619
01:28:46,495 --> 01:28:48,329
<i>I was not able to do that</i>

2620
01:28:48,363 --> 01:28:49,764
<i>When I worked in the government.</i>

2621
01:28:49,798 --> 01:28:51,732
<i>I was too tied in to the group</i>

2622
01:28:51,767 --> 01:28:54,518
<i>I was working for.</i>

2623
01:28:54,552 --> 01:28:56,653
<i>But dan does that all the time.</i>

2624
01:28:56,688 --> 01:28:58,205
<i>It's an amazing life the way</i>

2625
01:28:58,239 --> 01:29:00,308
<i>He has lived it over the last</i>

2626
01:29:00,342 --> 01:29:02,242
<i>30 years since all those things</i>

2627
01:29:02,277 --> 01:29:07,848
<i>Occurred.</i>

2628
01:29:07,882 --> 01:29:10,117
<i>>> zinn: His act had an effect</i>

2629
01:29:10,151 --> 01:29:12,787
<i>On him, a profound effect on him</i>

2630
01:29:12,821 --> 01:29:14,722
<i>And on the rest of his life.</i>

2631
01:29:14,756 --> 01:29:16,857
<i>He was never going to rest easy</i>

2632
01:29:16,891 --> 01:29:19,427
<i>From that point on unless he was</i>

2633
01:29:19,461 --> 01:29:22,229
<i>Part of some movement against</i>

2634
01:29:22,263 --> 01:29:25,232
<i>War and for social justice.</i>

2635
01:29:25,266 --> 01:29:27,067
<i>And so all these years since</i>

2636
01:29:27,101 --> 01:29:28,969
<i>Then, he has acted in the same</i>

2637
01:29:29,003 --> 01:29:31,038
<i>Spirit in which he revealed</i>

2638
01:29:31,072 --> 01:29:34,141
<i>The papers to the nation.</i>

2639
01:29:34,175 --> 01:29:36,109
<i>[�...]</i>

2640
01:29:36,144 --> 01:29:37,478
<i>>> ellsberg: The courage we</i>

2641
01:29:37,512 --> 01:29:40,448
<i>Need is not the courage, the</i>

2642
01:29:40,482 --> 01:29:44,018
<i>Fortitude, to be obedient in</i>

2643
01:29:44,052 --> 01:29:47,170
<i>The service of an unjust war,</i>

2644
01:29:47,205 --> 01:29:50,040
<i>To help conceal lies, to do our</i>

2645
01:29:50,075 --> 01:29:53,060
<i>Job by a boss who has usurped</i>

2646
01:29:53,094 --> 01:29:55,029
<i>Power and is acting as an outlaw</i>

2647
01:29:55,063 --> 01:29:56,030
<i>Government.</i>

2648
01:29:56,064 --> 01:29:58,265
<i>It is the courage at last to</i>

2649
01:29:58,299 --> 01:30:00,768
<i>Face honestly the truth and</i>

2650
01:30:00,802 --> 01:30:03,037
<i>The reality of what we are doing</i>

2651
01:30:03,071 --> 01:30:05,573
<i>In the world and act responsibly</i>

2652
01:30:05,607 --> 01:30:08,042
<i>To change it.</i>

2653
01:30:08,076 --> 01:30:14,114
<i>[�...]</i>

2654
01:30:14,149 --> 01:30:30,497
<i>[helicopter rotors whirring...]</i>